Evidence map›Paper›PMID 30616905›Full record

ArticleThe American journal of geriatric psychiatry : official journal of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry2019

Caregiver-Care Recipient Relationship Closeness is Associated With Neuropsychiatric Symptoms in Dementia.

Elizabeth K Vernon, Bryce Cooley, William Rozum, Gail B Rattinger, Stephanie Behrens, Joshua Matyi, Elizabeth Fauth, Constantine G Lyketsos, JoAnn T Tschanz

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in The American journal of geriatric psychiatry : official journal of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
22citing papers in PubMed
2.6field-weighted citation impact, top 10% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

22 citing papers in PubMed, 33 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Trial
  2. Caregiver- and Care Recipient-Related Factors Linked to Pain in Family Caregivers of Persons Living with Dementia.Journal of applied gerontology : the official journal of the Southern Gerontological Society · 2026
    Article
  3. Article
  4. Diminished preparatory physiological responses in people with dementia: associations with caregiver health and relationship quality.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2025
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  11. Observational
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  16. Caregiving Factors as Predictors of Care Recipient Mortality.The American journal of geriatric psychiatry : official journal of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry · 2021
    Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Elizabeth K VernonDepartment of Psychology (EKV, BC, WR, SB, JM, JTT), Utah State University, Logan, UT.
Bryce CooleyDepartment of Psychology (EKV, BC, WR, SB, JM, JTT), Utah State University, Logan, UT.
William RozumDepartment of Psychology (EKV, BC, WR, SB, JM, JTT), Utah State University, Logan, UT.
Gail B RattingerDepartment of Health Outcomes and Administrative Sciences (GBR), School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY.
Stephanie BehrensDepartment of Psychology (EKV, BC, WR, SB, JM, JTT), Utah State University, Logan, UT.
Joshua MatyiDepartment of Psychology (EKV, BC, WR, SB, JM, JTT), Utah State University, Logan, UT.
Elizabeth FauthDepartment of Human Development and Family Studies (EF), Utah State University, Logan, UT.
Constantine G LyketsosDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (CGL), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore.
JoAnn T TschanzDepartment of Psychology (EKV, BC, WR, SB, JM, JTT), Utah State University, Logan, UT; Center for Epidemiological Studies (JTT), Utah State University, Logan, UT. Electronic address: joann.tschanz@usu.edu.
Utah State University · USBinghamton University · USJohns Hopkins University · US

Funding

'T V ASSESSMENT - MEMORY DISORDERED PATIENTS'P50AG005146 · NIA · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI ALBERT, MARILYN S. · 1985 to 2019
$37.6M
Research Education ComponentP30AG066507 · NIA · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI MARILYN S. ALBERT · 2020 to 2026
$29.3M
EPIDEMIOLOGY OF DEMENTIA IN CACHE COUNTY, UTAHR01AG011380 · NIA · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI WELSH-BOHMER, KATHLEEN ANNE · 1994 to 2009
$12.2M
Progression of Dementia: A Population StudyR01AG021136 · NIA · UTAH STATE UNIVERSITY · PI LYKETSOS, CONSTANTINE G, TSCHANZ, JOANN T · 2002 to 2010
$6.0M
NIA NIH HHS P30 AG066507NIA NIH HHS P50 AG005146NIA NIH HHS R01 AG011380NIA NIH HHS R01 AG021136
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveCloser caregiver-care recipient (CG-CR) relationships are associated with better cognitive and functional abilities, activities of daily living (in persons with dementia), and lower informal care costs.

methodsDue to the difficulty in treating neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPSs) and their detrimental effects on caregivers and care recipients, we examined whether closeness of CG-CR relationships was associated with overall NPS severity or with specific NPS symptom domains in care recipients. In a longitudinal population-based study in Cache County, Utah, the 12-item Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI-12) was assessed in 300 CG-CR dyads. Caregivers reported current relationship closeness using the Whitlatch Relationship Closeness Scale. Linear mixed models examined associations between CG-CR closeness and NPI-12 total score or selected symptom domains over time (observation period: 2002-2012).

resultsIn unadjusted linear mixed models, higher closeness scores were associated with a five-point lower NPI-12 score and a one-point lesser increase in NPI-12 per year. NPI scores also showed lower affective cluster scores (two points) and lesser increase in psychosis cluster (approximately 0.5 points per year) and agitation/aggression (0.16 points per year) for each unit increase in closeness. When controlling for NPI caregiver distress, associations between closeness and NPSs diminished to a 0.5-point lesser increase in total NPI-12 score per year. Adjusted models for NPI domains/clusters showed -0.32 points per year for the psychosis cluster, -0.11 points per year for agitation/aggression, and -0.67 overall for the affective cluster.

conclusionHigher CG-CR closeness, a potentially modifiable factor, is associated with lower NPS severity and may provide a target for intervention.

Indexed as

Interpersonal RelationsAged, 80 and overCaregiversDementiaFemaleHumansLongitudinal StudiesMaleNeuropsychological TestsAlzheimer diseasecaregiver and care recipientDementianeuropsychiatric symptomsrelationship closeness

Identifiers

PMID30616905
PMCPMC6812501
OpenAlexW2902316203

What OpenQuestion holds

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Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.