ArticleBMC infectious diseases2019
Prevalence and incidence of genital warts and cervical Human Papillomavirus infections in Nigerian women.
Article in BMC infectious diseases, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 44 citations in OpenAlex.
- Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination for the prevention of cervical cancer and other HPV-related diseases: a network meta-analysis.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Effects of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination programmes on community rates of HPV-related disease and harms from vaccination.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Distribution of high- and low-risk human papillomavirus genotypes and their prophylactic vaccination coverage among West African women: systematic review.Journal of the Egyptian National Cancer Institute · 2023Pooled it
- Trial
- Safety and immunogenicity of anHuman vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2022Trial
- Impact of intralesional tuberculin PPD injection on anogenital warts: Interferon-α, interleukin-2, and treatment outcomes.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Article
- Recent treatment outcomes of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in south western Uganda: a six year retrospective study.Gynecologic oncology reports · 2026Article
- Increased proportion of "other hrHPV" genotypes other than 16 and 18/45 among women attending ART clinic in Northern Uganda.Gynecologic oncology reports · 2025Article
- Intralesional Vitamin D3 for Anogenital Warts in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infected Individual.International medical case reports journal · 2025Article
- PATHOMORPHOLOGY OF VERRUCAE: A CLINICOPATHOLOGIC STUDY.Annals of Ibadan postgraduate medicine · 2024Article
- Attitudes toward an HPV vaccine for condyloma acuminata and willingness to undergo vaccination among STD clinic attendees in China: Focus on STI prevention with HPV vaccine.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Article
- Impact of Preventive Strategies on HPV-Related Diseases: Ten-Year Data from the Italian Hospital Admission Registry.Cancers · 2023Article
- Prevalence of vaginal HPV infection among adolescent and early adult girls in Jos, North-Central Nigeria.BMC infectious diseases · 2022Article
- A predictive model of genital warts preventive behaviors among women in the south of Iran: application of health belief model.BMC women's health · 2022Article
- RARE PRESENTATION OF FLORID VULVA WARTS - A CASE REPORT AND REVIEW OF LITERATURE.Jos journal of medicine · 2022Article
- Costs and Resource Use Among Patients with Cervical Cancer, Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia, and Genital Warts in Algeria.Journal of health economics and outcomes research · 2022Article
- The effectiveness of a model-based health education program on genital warts preventive behaviors: a quasi-experimental study.Infectious agents and cancer · 2021Article
- Healthcare resource utilization and costs associated with anogenital warts in Morocco.Infectious agents and cancer · 2021Article
- Epidemiology and Burden of Human Papillomavirus and Related Diseases, Molecular Pathogenesis, and Vaccine Evaluation.Frontiers in public health · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 6 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundGenital warts are important causes of morbidity and their prevalence and incidence can be used to evaluate the impact of HPV vaccination in a population.
methodsWe enrolled 1020 women in a prospective cohort study in Nigeria and followed them for a mean (SD) of 9 (4) months. Nurses conducted pelvic examinations and collected ectocervical samples for HPV testing. We used exact logistic regression models to identify risk factors for genital warts.
resultsThe mean age of study participants was 38 years, 56% (535/962) were HIV-negative and 44% (427/962) were HIV-positive. Prevalence of genital warts at enrolment was 1% (4/535) among HIV-negative women, and 5% (23/427) among HIV-positive women. Of 614 women (307 HIV negative and 307 HIV positive women) for whom we could compute genital wart incidence, it was 515 (95% CI:13-2872) per 100,000 person-years in HIV-negative and 1370 (95% CI:283-4033) per 100,000 person-years in HIV-positive women. HIV was associated with higher risk of prevalent genital warts (OR:7.14, 95% CI:2.41-28.7, p < 0.001) while higher number of sex partners in the past year was associated with increased risk of incident genital warts (OR:2.86, 95% CI:1.04-6.47. p = 0.04). HPV11 was the only HPV associated with prevalent genital warts in this population (OR:8.21, 95% CI:2.47-27.3, p = 0.001).
conclusionGenital warts are common in Nigeria and our results provide important parameters for monitoring the impact of future HPV vaccination programs in the country. HIV infection and number of sexual partners in past year were important risk factors for prevalent and incident genital warts respectively.
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