ArticlePloS one2019
Canine endometrial and vaginal microbiomes reveal distinct and complex ecosystems.
Article in PloS one, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 48 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
48 citing papers in PubMed, 86 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Impact of Vaginal Bacteria and Antimicrobial Treatment on Pregnancy Outcomes in Healthy Breeding Bitches.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Metagenomic analysis of the vaginal microbiota in cows with ovarian cysts.Journal of veterinary research · 2026Article
- Development of the Urogenital Microbiota in Healthy Beagle Puppies: A Longitudinal Comparison with the Dam.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Insights from healthy mares reveal that mammalian uteri harbor a diverse virome.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- The perinatal microbiota in dogs and cats: a narrative review from human research to veterinary practice.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2026Review
- Practices and perceptions of antibiotic use in canine breeding: a survey among breeders and veterinarians.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2026Article
- The effect of the oral administration of lactic-acid probiotic bacteria on the vaginal microflora of bitches.Journal of veterinary research · 2025Article
- Toward standardized methods in canine vaginal microbiome research: evaluation of storage, host DNA depletion, and database selection.Microbiology spectrum · 2025Article
- Microbial Interconnections in One Health: A Critical Nexus Between Companion Animals and Human Microbiomes.Microorganisms · 2025Review
- Endometrial microbiome in mares with and without clinical endometritis.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2025Article
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- Fundamentals of microbiome-based therapies for reproductive tract inflammatory diseases in domestic animals.Animal reproduction · 2025Review
- German veterinarians asked: a cross-sectional study on microbiological examination and antimicrobial use in canine reproductive medicine.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2025Article
- The Cultivable Bacteria Colonizing Canine Vagina During Proestrus and Estrus: A Large-Scale Retrospective Study of Influencing Factors.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Article
- The prevalence ofJournal of veterinary research · 2024Article
- Vaginal and Uterine Microbiota of Healthy Maiden Mares during Estrus.Veterinary sciences · 2024Article
- Reproductive Tract Microbiota of Mares.Veterinary sciences · 2024Review
- Evaluation of the vaginal and urinary microbiota of healthy cycling bitches.BMC veterinary research · 2024Article
- Aerobic Vaginal Microflora in Gestational and Non-Gestational Bitches (Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The objective of this study was to characterize the normal microbiome of healthy canine vagina and endometrium and to determine the effect of the stage of estrous, on the resident microbiome. Cranial vaginal swabs and uterine biopsy samples were collected from twenty-five bitches in five different stages of estrous at elective ovariohysterectomy (OVH). Over 4 million reads of the V4 region of 16S rDNA gene were obtained and used for further analyses. A total of 317 genera belonging to 24 known phyla were identified. The endometrium was higher in bacterial diversity while the vagina was higher in richness. Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes were the most abundant phyla observed across all samples. Hydrotalea, Ralstonia, and Fusobacterium accounted for nearly 60% of the OTUs identified in the vagina while organisms identified in the endometrium were more evenly distributed. Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus, and Corynebacterium were the prominent genera in the endometrium. The microbiome of the endometrium was distinctly different from that of the vagina. There was large animal-to-animal variation. Other than the vaginal microbiome of bitches in estrus (i.e. in heat), there were no distinct clustering of the organisms based on the stage of estrous. These findings establish the presence of a resident microbiome of the endometrium throughout all stages of estrous cycle.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.