ArticlePLoS genetics2019
BRASSINOSTEROID-SIGNALING KINASE 3, a plasma membrane-associated scaffold protein involved in early brassinosteroid signaling.
Article in PLoS genetics, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 53 papers.
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Who cites it
53 citing papers in PubMed, 119 citations in OpenAlex.
- Deletion of TaBSK3-2B attenuates BR signaling to regulate the Rht4 semi-dwarf phenotype and drought tolerance in wheat.The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology · 2026Article
- Genome-Wide Identification of theCurrent issues in molecular biology · 2026Article
- Arabidopsis microtubule-BRI1-associated proteins negatively regulate hypocotyl elongation by controlling brassinosteroid-dependent cortical microtubule reorientation.Plant communications · 2026Article
- Full-length transcriptome analysis identifiesFrontiers in plant science · 2026Article
- SUMOylation of BAK1 regulates its co-receptor function for specifically activating brassinosteroid response.Plant communications · 2025Article
- GmBSK1-GmGSK1-GmBES1.5 regulatory module controls heat tolerance in soybean.Journal of advanced research · 2025Article
- OsBSK3 and OsBSK2 regulate grain size and leaf angle via MAPK signaling pathway in rice.TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik · 2025Article
- Dressed Up to the Nines: The Interplay of Phytohormones Signaling and Redox Metabolism During Plant Response to Drought.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Intricate intracellular kinase network regulates the Spodoptera lituta-derived elicitor response signaling in Arabidopsis.Journal of plant research · 2025Article
- Article
- Hormonal regulation and crosstalk during early endosperm and seed coat development.Plant reproduction · 2024Review
- The receptor MIK2 interacts with the kinase RKS1 to control quantitative disease resistance to Xanthomonas campestris.Plant physiology · 2024Article
- Sex on Steroids: How Brassinosteroids Shape Reproductive Development in Flowering Plants.Plant & cell physiology · 2024Review
- PmLBD3 links auxin and brassinosteroid signalling pathways on dwarfism in Prunus mume.BMC biology · 2024Article
- RNA-seq reveals the gene expression in patterns in Populus × euramericana 'Neva' plantation under different precision water and fertilizer-intensive management.BMC plant biology · 2024Article
- Genome-Wide Identification of the Brassinosteroid Signal Kinase Gene Family and Its Profiling under Salinity Stress.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- OsSRF8 interacts with OsINP1 and OsDAF1 to regulate pollen aperture formation in rice.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Arabidopsis proteinProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- The cell surface is the place to be for brassinosteroid perception and responses.Nature plants · 2024Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Brassinosteroids (BRs) are steroid hormones essential for plant growth and development. The BR signaling pathway has been studied in some detail, however, the functions of the BRASSINOSTEROID-SIGNALING KINASE (BSK) family proteins in the pathway have remained elusive. Through forward genetics, we identified five semi-dominant mutations in the BSK3 gene causing BSK3 loss-of-function and decreased BR responses. We therefore investigated the function of BSK3, a receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase, in BR signaling and plant growth and development. We find that BSK3 is anchored to the plasma membrane via N-myristoylation, which is required for its function in BR signaling. The N-terminal kinase domain is crucial for BSK3 function, and the C-terminal three tandem TPR motifs contribute to BSK3/BSK3 homodimer and BSK3/BSK1 heterodimer formation. Interestingly, the effects of BSK3 on BR responses are dose-dependent, depending on its protein levels. Our genetic studies indicate that kinase dead BSK3K86R protein partially rescues the bsk3-1 mutant phenotypes. BSK3 directly interacts with the BSK family proteins (BSK3 and BSK1), BRI1 receptor kinase, BSU1 phosphatase, and BIN2 kinase. BIN2 phosphorylation of BSK3 enhances BSK3/BSK3 homodimer and BSK3/BSK1 heterodimer formation, BSK3/BRI1 interaction, and BSK3/BSU1 interaction. Furthermore, we find that BSK3 upregulates BSU1 transcript and protein levels to activate BR signaling. BSK3 is broadly expressed and plays an important role in BR-mediated root growth, shoot growth, and organ separation. Together, our findings suggest that BSK3 may function as a scaffold protein to regulate BR signaling. The results of our studies provide new insights into early BR signaling mechanisms.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.