ArticleJournal of analytical toxicology2019
Acute Pharmacokinetic Profile of Smoked and Vaporized Cannabis in Human Blood and Oral Fluid.
Article in Journal of analytical toxicology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 56 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
56 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 101 citations in OpenAlex.
- Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol detection times using mass spectroscopy in oral fluid: a systematic review using a 5 ng/mL cut-off value.International journal of legal medicine · 2026Pooled it
- The "Next Day" Effects of Cannabis Use: A Systematic Review.Cannabis and cannabinoid research · 2023Pooled it
- Cannabis Use and Car Crashes: A Review.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2021Pooled it
- Effect of vaporizing cannabis rich in cannabidiol on cannabinoid levels in blood and on driving ability - a randomized clinical trial.International journal of legal medicine · 2023Trial
- Effects of cannabidiol in cannabis flower: Implications for harm reduction.Addiction biology · 2022Trial
- Brain imaging of cannabinoid type I (CBAddiction biology · 2021Trial
- Cannabis is associated with clinical but not endoscopic remission in ulcerative colitis: A randomized controlled trial.PloS one · 2021Trial
- The pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and safety of a novel selective-dose cannabis inhaler in patients with chronic pain: A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial.European journal of pain (London, England) · 2020Trial
- Sex differences in the acute effects of smoked cannabis: evidence from a human laboratory study of young adults.Psychopharmacology · 2020Trial
- From Aerosol to Epithelium: An Integrated Clinical, Pathologic, and Mechanistic Review of Nicotine and Cannabis Vaporizer Use and Pulmonary Disease.Current allergy and asthma reports · 2026Review
- Investigating sex differences in the acute effects of smoked cannabis: a potency-ranging, controlled administration, human laboratory experiment.Psychopharmacology · 2026Article
- Acute Pain After Total Knee Arthroplasty: 2-Arachidonoylglycerol Tone and Endocannabinoid/Eicosanoid Crosstalk.Anesthesia and analgesia · 2026Article
- Evaluating the Association Between Marijuana and Tobacco Use and the Risk of Developing Atrial Fibrillation.Cureus · 2026Article
- Short-term effects of cannabis legalisation in Germany on driving under the influence of cannabis: a difference-in-differences analysis using Austria as a control.The Lancet regional health. Europe · 2026Article
- Recent Advances in the Science of Cannabis-Impaired Driving.Current addiction reports · 2026Review
- Pharmacotherapy for Cannabis Use Disorder: Preclinical and Clinical Models.Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · 2026Review
- Cannabinoid profiling across toxicology samples in adolescents and young adults by route of administration and in relation to depression symptoms.Journal of analytical toxicology · 2025Article
- Sociodemographic differences in modes of cannabis use among pregnant individuals in Northern California.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2025Article
- Heavy Metals in Cannabis Vapes and Their Health Implications-A Scoping Review.TheScientificWorldJournal · 2025Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Currently, an unprecedented number of individuals can legally access cannabis. Vaporization is increasingly popular as a method to self-administer cannabis, partly due to perception of reduced harm compared with smoking. Few controlled laboratory studies of cannabis have used vaporization as a delivery method or evaluated the acute effects of cannabis among infrequent cannabis users. This study compared the concentrations of cannabinoids in whole blood and oral fluid after administration of smoked and vaporized cannabis in healthy adults who were infrequent users of cannabis. Seventeen healthy adults, with no past-month cannabis use, self-administered smoked or vaporized cannabis containing Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) doses of 0, 10 and 25 mg in six double-blind outpatient sessions. Whole blood and oral fluid specimens were obtained at baseline and for 8 h after cannabis administration. Cannabinoid concentrations were assessed with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS) methods. Sensitivity, specificity and agreement between ELISA and LC-MS-MS results were assessed. Subjective, cognitive performance and cardiovascular effects were assessed. The highest concentrations of cannabinoids in both whole blood and oral fluid were typically observed at the first time point (+10 min) after drug administration. In blood, THC, 11-OH-THC, THCCOOH and THCCOOH-glucuronide concentrations were dose-dependent for both methods of administration, but higher following vaporization compared with smoking. THC was detected longer in oral fluid compared to blood and THCCOOH detection in oral fluid was rare and highly erratic. For whole blood, greater detection sensitivity for ELISA testing was observed in vaporized conditions. Conversely, for oral fluid, greater sensitivity was observed in smoked sessions. Blood and/or oral fluid cannabinoid concentrations were weakly to moderately correlated with pharmacodynamic outcomes. Cannabis pharmacokinetics vary by method of inhalation and biological matrix being tested. Vaporization appears to be a more efficient method of delivery compared with smoking.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.