ArticleColorectal disease : the official journal of the Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland2019
Anatomy of the smooth muscle structure in the female anorectal anterior wall: convergence and anterior extension of the internal anal sphincter and longitudinal muscle.
Article in Colorectal disease : the official journal of the Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05474495 (Comparative Effects of Transversus Abdominis and Pelvic Floor Muscle Strengthening Exercise Program on Disability and Urinary Incontinence In Patients With Grade 1 Cystocele), which is not on this map. Cited by 25 papers.
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Comparative Effects of Transversus Abdominis and Pelvic Floor Muscle Strengthening Exercise Program on Disability and Urinary Incontinence In Patients With Grade 1 Cystocele
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- Histological architecture of the intersphincteric region of the anal canal: implications for the anatomical basis of anal fistula pathways.International journal of colorectal disease · 2026Article
- New anatomical insight into the muscular structure of the anal canal: revealing Treitz muscle as a directional shift of the internal anal sphincter.Annals of coloproctology · 2025Article
- Novel Anatomical Findings in Robot-Assisted Prostatectomy and Optimal Dissection Layer Selection for Preserving Urethral Support Structures.The Prostate · 2025Article
- Presence of smooth muscle continuous with the rectal and vaginal walls in the deep perineal space prompts reconsideration of the deep transverse perineal muscle.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Review
- Three-dimensional heterogeneity of smooth muscle fiber density anterior to the rectum in males: quantitative analysis with implications for transanal total mesorectal excision.International journal of colorectal disease · 2025Article
- Three-dimensional Analysis of the Distribution of Smooth and Skeletal Muscle Tissue Around the Female Urethra.International urogynecology journal · 2025Article
- Two minutes is sufficient to characterize the viscoelastic properties of the human lower birth canal during the first stage of labor.Clinical biomechanics (Bristol, Avon) · 2025Article
- Contrast-enhanced Micro-CT imaging of a foetal female pelvic floor reveals anatomical details.PloS one · 2025Article
- Skeletal Muscle Complex Between the Vagina and Anal Canal: Implications for Perineal Laceration.International urogynecology journal · 2024Observational
- Perineal-First Approach in Robotic Abdominoperineal Resection.Annals of surgical oncology · 2024Article
- Twisted orientation of the muscle bundles in the levator ani functional parts in women: Implications for pelvic floor support mechanism.Journal of anatomy · 2024Article
- Significant relationship between musculoaponeurotic attachment of the abdominal and thigh adductor muscles to the pubis: implications for the diagnosis of groin pain.Anatomical science international · 2024Article
- Novel combination method of wide-range serial sectioning and 3D reconstruction visualizing both macro-level dynamics and micro-level interactions in an attempt to analyze the female pelvic floor.Anatomical science international · 2023Review
- Pelvic floor and perineal muscles: a dynamic coordination between skeletal and smooth muscles on pelvic floor stabilization.Anatomical science international · 2023Review
- Short and long term results of anatomical reconstruction of perineal body and sphincter complex in obstetric anal sphincter injuries.Turkish journal of surgery · 2022Article
- Significance of the broad non-bony attachments of the anterior cruciate ligament on the tibial side.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Review
- Anatomy of Cowper's gland in humans suggesting a secretion and emission mechanism facilitated by cooperation of striated and smooth muscles.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Widespread anorectal lymphovascular networks and tissue drainage: analyses from submucosal India ink injection and indocyanine green fluorescence imaging.Colorectal disease : the official journal of the Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
aimThe anatomy of the region between the vagina and anal canal plays an essential role when performing a proctectomy for low-lying tumours. However, the anatomical characteristics of this area remain unclear. The purpose of the present study was to clarify the configuration, and both lateral and inferior extensions, of the muscle bundles in the anorectal anterior wall in females.
methodsUsing cadaveric specimens, macroscopic anatomical and histological evaluations were conducted at the anatomy department of our institute. Macroscopic anatomical specimens were obtained from six female cadavers. Histological specimens were obtained from eight female cadavers.
resultsThe smooth muscle fibres of the internal anal sphincter and longitudinal muscle extended anteriorly in the anorectal anterior wall of females and the muscle bundles showed a convergent structure. The anterior extending smooth muscle fibres merged into the vaginal smooth muscle layer, distributed subcutaneously in the vaginal vestibule and perineum and spread to cover the anterior surface of the external anal sphincter and the levator ani muscle. Relatively sparse space was observed in the region anterolateral to the rectum on histological analysis.
conclusionSmooth muscle fibres of the rectum and vagina are intermingled in the median plane, and there is relatively sparse space in the region anterolateral to the rectum. Therefore, when detaching the anorectal canal from the vagina during proctectomy, an approach from both the lateral sides should be used.
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