Observational studyAPMIS : acta pathologica, microbiologica, et immunologica Scandinavica2019
The inflamed sputum in lower respiratory tract infection: l-lactate levels are correlated to neutrophil accumulation.
Observational study in APMIS : acta pathologica, microbiologica, et immunologica Scandinavica, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- Metabolic strategies that enable oral commensal persistence in a lower airway environment.mBio · 2025Article
- Lactate's impact on immune cells in sepsis: unraveling the complex interplay.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Interferon signaling drives epithelial metabolic reprogramming to promote secondary bacterial infection.PLoS pathogens · 2023Article
- "The Standard Procedure" for Investigation of Oral Neutrophils in Oral Diseases.International journal of dentistry · 2023Article
- Improved cytometric analysis of untouched lung leukocytes by enzymatic liquefaction of sputum samples.Biological procedures online · 2022Article
- Lactate cross-talk in host-pathogen interactions.The Biochemical journal · 2021Review
- Neutrophil count in sputum is associated with increased sputum glucose and sputum L-lactate in cystic fibrosis.PloS one · 2020Article
- The inflamed sputum in lower respiratory tract infection: l-lactate levels are correlated to neutrophil accumulation.APMIS : acta pathologica, microbiologica, et immunologica Scandinavica · 2019Observational
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) are common, but little is known about the response of biomarkers of inflammation in the lungs. Therefore, our primary aim was to compare the concentration of l-lactate to the concentration of neutrophils in sputum and systemic markers of infection. Because it is difficult to differentiate viral and bacterial infection on the basis of clinical presentation in LRTI, our secondary aim was to evaluate if l- and d-lactate may serve as markers of local inflammation as representatives of neutrophils and bacteria, respectively.
methodsPatients with acute LRTI were prospectively recruited. Sputum samples were collected and analysed for neutrophil count, l-lactate and d-lactate. We had data on pathogens from sputum cultures and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (atypical bacteria, virus) and C-reactive protein (CRP) from blood.
resultsIn 44 sputum samples from 32 patients, the median (interquartile range (IQR)) sputum neutrophil granulocyte count was 0.615 × 10
conclusionAs l-lactate in sputum is closely correlated to sequestration of neutrophils in the lungs, l-lactate is a marker for local inflammation in LRTI and a potential biomarker in clinical management of LRTI. On expectorated sputum, d-lactate had no clinical relevance.
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