ArticleCirculation2019
Associations of Income Volatility With Incident Cardiovascular Disease and All-Cause Mortality in a US Cohort.
Article in Circulation, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 57 papers.
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Who cites it
57 citing papers in PubMed, 96 citations in OpenAlex.
- Impact of Guaranteed Income on Health, Finances, and Agency: Findings from the Stockton Randomized Controlled Trial.Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine · 2023Trial
- Income Volatility and Risk of All-Cause Mortality and Cause-Specific Hospitalization Among Adults With Depression: A Nationwide Cohort Study.Journal of Korean medical science · 2026Article
- Income Volatility During Early to Mid-adulthood and 10-year Memory Decline in a Longitudinal Synthetic Cohort.Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2026Article
- Income dynamics and risk of early-onset dementia: a nationwide cohort study.Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2026Article
- Article
- Income and risk of type 2 diabetes incidence varied associations according to obesity status: a nationwide study.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Dynamic income patterns and risk of pancreatic and biliary tract cancers: A nationwide cohort study.Chinese journal of cancer research = Chung-kuo yen cheng yen chiu · 2026Article
- Shifts in socioeconomic status alter cardiovascular disease risk and mortality through modulating Life's Crucial 9: a prospective cohort study of UK Biobank participants.BMJ public health · 2026Article
- The Interaction of Health Behaviors and Cardiovascular Diseases: Investigating Morbidity Risks of Disparities in U.S. Adults.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Unsecured debt in early adulthood and premature mortality in adults in the USA: a longitudinal analysis of prospective national cohort data.The Lancet. Public health · 2025Article
- Social determinants of health and biological age among diverse U.S. Adults, NHANES 2011-2018.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Correlation of Income Instability With 12 Non-Communicable Disease Risks in Korea: A Prospective Cohort Study.Journal of Korean medical science · 2025Article
- Prenatal Household Income Instability and Infant Subcortical Brain Volumes.Developmental science · 2025Article
- Urban-rural disparities in mortality due to stroke subtypes in China and its provinces, 2015-2020.Chinese medical journal · 2025Article
- Association of long-term insulin variability before the onset of diabetes with cardiovascular outcomes in later life: Findings from the coronary artery risk development in young adults (CARDIA) study.American journal of preventive cardiology · 2025Article
- The Association between the Volatility of Income and Life Expectancy in the United States.Journal of labor economics · 2025Article
- Impact of Social Determinants of Health on Cardiovascular Disease.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2025Review
- 20-Year income volatility and cognitive function in the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (1979) cohort: A replication and extension of CARDIA findings.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2025Article
- Associations of Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome with Premature Mortality and Life Expectancies in US Adults: A Cohort Study.Cardiorenal medicine · 2025Article
- Associations of serial negative income shock and all-cause mortality: a longitudinal study in China.BMJ public health · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundIncome volatility is on the rise and presents a growing public health problem. Because in many epidemiological studies income is measured at a single point in time, the association of long-term income volatility with incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality has not been adequately explored. The goal of this study was to examine associations of income volatility from 1990 to 2005 with incident CVD and all-cause mortality in the subsequent 10 years.
methodsThe Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study is an ongoing prospective cohort study conducted within urban field centers in Birmingham, AL; Chicago, IL; Minneapolis, MN; and Oakland, CA. We studied 3937 black and white participants 23 to 35 years of age in 1990 (our study baseline). Income volatility was defined as the intraindividual SD of the percent change in income across 5 assessments from 1990 to 2005. An income drop was defined as a decrease of ≥25% from the previous visit and less than the participant's average income from 1990 to 2005. CVD events (fatal and nonfatal) and all-cause mortality between 2005 and 2015 were adjudicated with the use of medical records and death certificates. CVD included primarily acute events related to heart disease and stroke.
resultsA total of 106 CVD events and 164 deaths occurred between 2005 and 2015 (incident rate, 2.76 and 3.66 per 1000 person-years, respectively). From Cox models adjusted for sociodemographic, behavioral, and CVD risk factors, higher income volatility and more income drops were associated with greater CVD risk (high versus low volatility: hazard ratio, 2.07; 95% CI, 1.10-3.90; ≥2 versus 0 income drops: hazard ratio, 2.54; 95% CI, 1.24-5.19) and all-cause mortality (high versus low volatility: hazard ratio, 1.78; 95% CI,1.03-3.09; ≥2 versus 0 income drops: hazard ratio, 1.92; 95% CI, 1.07-3.44).
conclusionsIn a cohort of relatively young adults, income volatility and drops during a 15-year period of formative earning years were independently associated with a nearly 2-fold risk of CVD and all-cause mortality.
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