ReviewMolecular neurobiology2019
Bilirubin and Ischemic Stroke: Rendering the Current Paradigm to Better Understand the Protective Effects of Bilirubin.
Review in Molecular neurobiology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 4 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 31 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
An Open Label Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Calculus Bovis Sativus (CBS) for Ischemic Cerebral Vascular Disease
An Open Label Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Calculus Bovis Sativus (CBS) for Idiopathic Inflammatory Demyelinating Disease
An Open Label Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Calculus Bovis Sativus (CBS) for Adult Encephalitis
An Open Label Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Calculus Bovis Sativus (CBS) for Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 43 citations in OpenAlex.
- Bilirubin as a predictor of severity and adverse clinical outcomes of acute ischemic stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC neurology · 2025Pooled it
- The predictive potential and relationship of peripheral non-enzymatic antioxidants with clinical symptoms in first-episode male adolescent-onset schizophrenia patients.Annals of general psychiatry · 2026Article
- Admission direct bilirubin and direct bilirubin-to-lymphocyte ratio as exploratory markers of early severity and in-hospital functional status in acute ischemic stroke.Frontiers in stroke · 2026Article
- Effect Modification by Total Bilirubin on the Association Between Hypertension and Cerebral Small Vessel Disease.Journal of stroke · 2026Article
- The HO-1/bilirubin axis in cardiovascular protection: critical evidence for modulation by plant metabolites and traditional multi-component formulations used in Chinese medicine.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Association between ALBI score and stroke risk and all-cause mortality: 2011 to 2018 NHANES.Medicine · 2025Article
- Establishment of predictive models for postoperative delirium in elderly patients after knee/hip surgery based on total bilirubin concentration: machine learning algorithms.BMC anesthesiology · 2025Article
- Bilirubin metabolism and its application in disease prevention: mechanisms and research advances.Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2025Review
- Article
- Association between serum total bilirubin levels and 28-day all-cause mortality after intracerebral hemorrhage.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Article
- Positive association between serum bilirubin within the physiological range and serum testosterone levels.BMC endocrine disorders · 2024Article
- Mendelian randomization study of the relationship between blood and urine biomarkers and schizophrenia in the UK Biobank cohort.Communications medicine · 2024Article
- A Nomogram for Predicting the Recurrence of Acute Non-Cardioembolic Ischemic Stroke: A Retrospective Hospital-Based Cohort Analysis.Brain sciences · 2023Article
- Toward nanotechnology-enabled application of bilirubin in the treatment and diagnosis of various civilization diseases.Materials today. Bio · 2023Review
- Nomogram including indirect bilirubin for the prediction of post-stroke depression at 3 months after mild acute ischemic stroke onset.Frontiers in neurology · 2023Article
- Association between bilirubin levels with incidence and prognosis of stroke: A meta-analysis.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2023Article
- Effects of bilirubin on the development and electrical activity of neural circuits.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2023Review
- Production of bilirubin by biotransformation of biliverdin using recombinant Escherichia coli cells.Bioprocess and biosystems engineering · 2022Article
- Predictive value of different bilirubin subtypes for clinical outcomes in patients with acute ischemic stroke receiving thrombolysis therapy.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2022Article
- A Systematic Review of Body Fluids Biomarkers Associated With Early Neurological Deterioration Following Acute Ischemic Stroke.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Novel and innovative methods are critical in fostering new treatments and improving clinical outcomes in patients who suffer from ischemic stroke. Bilirubin has long been considered metabolic waste that can be harmful to the body; however, it is now becoming recognized as one of the body's most potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective molecules. These properties facilitate bilirubin's anti-atherogenic effects to impede and prevent the formation of thrombi in ischemic stroke. These functions allow for protection from neuronal injury during an ischemic state and suggest that elevated bilirubin levels may be linked to a lower rate of morbidity and mortality. Therefore, here we discuss the pathophysiology of stroke and the molecular properties of bilirubin to better understand their beneficial relationship. We outline clinical studies looking at the relationship between serum bilirubin levels and ischemic stroke prevalence. At this time, few studies have rigorously looked at the relationship between bilirubin and ischemic stroke, whether it is positive or negative. Thus, rigorous research is needed to provide evidence supporting the current studies, expand on these studies, and facilitate their translation to bedside therapy for patients who suffer from ischemic stroke.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.