ReviewMolecular neurobiology2019
The Retina as a Window or Mirror of the Brain Changes Detected in Alzheimer's Disease: Critical Aspects to Unravel.
Review in Molecular neurobiology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 59 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
59 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 83 citations in OpenAlex.
- [Liquid biopsy proteomics in ophthalmology : A clinical and scientific perspective].Die Ophthalmologie · 2026Pooled it
- Hyperspectral retinal imaging to detect Alzheimer's disease in a memory clinic setting.Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2025Trial
- Effect of Resveratrol Combined with Donepezil Hydrochloride on Inflammatory Factor Level and Cognitive Function Level of Patients with Alzheimer's Disease.Journal of healthcare engineering · 2022Trial
- Fenfluramine Attenuates Retinal Microglial Activation but Does Not Rescue Structural and Vascular Deficits in a Rat Model of Dravet Syndrome.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Infiltrating Monocyte Fate Switch in Retinal Degeneration: From Early Pathology to Late Homeostasis.Research square · 2026Article
- Comparative effects of intranasal and intraperitoneal resveratrol on the eye-brain axis in a cisplatin-induced neurotoxic rat model.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Neuroprotective Mechanism of Polygonatum sibiricum Polysaccharides in Alzheimer's Disease: Highlighting Role of PI3K-AKT Signalling Pathway and Leptin Receptor.Chinese journal of integrative medicine · 2026Article
- Longitudinal investigation of spatial memory and retinal parameters in a 5xFAD model of Alzheimer's disease reveals differences dependent on genotype and sex.Biomedical optics express · 2026Article
- Article
- Expression of Reelin, Aβ1-42, Tau and FTH1 in Idiopathic Epiretinal Membranes: Exploring the Link Between Reelin and Neurodegenerative Biomarkers.Biomolecules · 2025Article
- Assessment of individual retinal layer thickness and vascular changes in Alzheimer's disease.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Exploring Retinal Neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's Disease: A Molecular and Cellular Perspective.Neurotoxicity research · 2025Review
- Detecting Autism Spectrum Disorder and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Using Multimodal Time-Frequency Analysis with Machine Learning Using the Electroretinogram from Two Flash Strengths.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2025Article
- Optical signature of retinal Tau fibrillation.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Retinal Microstructural and Microvascular Changes in Alzheimer Disease: A Review.International ophthalmology clinics · 2025Review
- Recent Advances in Visual Dysfunction and Ocular Biomarkers in Neurological Disorders.Eye and brain · 2025Review
- Lycium barbarum Extract Enhanced Neuroplasticity and Functional Recovery in 5xFAD Mice via Modulating Microglial Status of the Central Nervous System.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2024Article
- Evaluation of the relationship between FDG-PET hypometabolism and retinal layer thickness in patients with Alzheimer's disease.Acta neurologica Belgica · 2024Article
- Prognostic potentials of AI in ophthalmology: systemic disease forecasting via retinal imaging.Eye and vision (London, England) · 2024Review
- Quantifying Putative Retinal Gliosis in Preclinical Alzheimer's Disease.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is the most frequent cause of dementia worldwide, representing a global health challenge, with a massive impact on the quality of life of Alzheimer's disease patients and their relatives. The diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease constitutes a real challenge, because the symptoms manifest years after the first degenerative changes occurring in the brain and the diagnosis is based on invasive and/or expensive techniques. Therefore, there is an urgent need to identify new reliable biomarkers to detect Alzheimer's disease at an early stage. Taking into account the evidence for visual deficits in Alzheimer's disease patients, sometimes even before the appearance of the first disease symptoms, and that the retina is an extension of the brain, the concept of the retina as a window to look into the brain or a mirror of the brain has received increasing interest in recent years. However, only a few studies have assessed the changes occurring in the retina and the brain at the same time points. Unlike previous reviews on this subject, which are mainly focused on brain changes, we organized this review by comprehensively summarizing findings related with structural, functional, cellular, and molecular parameters in the retina reported in both Alzheimer's disease patients and animal models. Moreover, we separated the studies that assessed only the retina, and those that assessed both the retina and brain, which are few but allow establishing correlations between the retina and brain. This review also highlights some inconsistent results in the literature as well as relevant missing gaps in this field.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.