ArticleJournal of neuroinflammation2019
Peripheral adaptive immunity of the triple transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease.
Article in Journal of neuroinflammation, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed.
- Premature Neuroimmune and Redox-Inflammatory Breakdown at the Prodromal Stage in Male and Female Triple-Transgenic Alzheimer's Disease Mice.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- The Potential of Coenzyme Q10 in Alzheimer's Disease: Reducing IL-17 Induced Inflammation and Oxidative Stress for Neuroprotection.Current drug research reviews · 2026Review
- Splenomegaly, Spleen Amyloidosis and Neutrophil Infiltration are Present in 3xTg-AD, but not Tg-SwDI Mice.Neuromolecular medicine · 2025Article
- Dietary salt, vascular dysfunction, and cognitive impairment.Cardiovascular research · 2025Review
- The Role of IL-17A in Mediating Inflammatory Responses and Progression of Neurodegenerative Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Emerging Roles of Adaptive Immune Response in Alzheimer's Disease.Aging and disease · 2024Review
- Causal relationships between peripheral immune cells and Alzheimer's disease: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2024Article
- Prodromic Inflammatory-Oxidative Stress in Peritoneal Leukocytes of Triple-Transgenic Mice for Alzheimer's Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Age, sex and Alzheimer's disease: a longitudinal study of 3xTg-AD mice reveals sex-specific disease trajectories and inflammatory responses mirrored in postmortem brains from Alzheimer's patients.Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2024Article
- Central inhibition of stearoyl-CoA desaturase has minimal effects on the peripheral metabolic symptoms of the 3xTg Alzheimer's disease mouse model.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- The effects of high plasma levels of AβImmunity & ageing : I & A · 2023Article
- Telomerase reverse transcriptase and neurodegenerative diseases.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Ozone Pollution, Oxidative Stress, Regulatory T Cells and Antioxidants.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Periodontal microorganisms and Alzheimer disease - A causative relationship?Periodontology 2000 · 2022Review
- The role of Th17 cells/IL-17A in AD, PD, ALS and the strategic therapy targeting on IL-17A.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2022Review
- Adaptive immune cells shape obesity-associated type 2 diabetes mellitus and less prominent comorbidities.Nature reviews. Endocrinology · 2022Review
- Interleukin-17A in Alzheimer's Disease: Recent Advances and Controversies.Current neuropharmacology · 2022Review
- Emerging Roles of T Helper Cells in Non-Infectious Neuroinflammation: Savior or Sinner.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Insights into T-cell dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease.Aging cell · 2021Review
- Modulating neuroinflammation in neurodegeneration-related dementia: can microglial toll-like receptors pull the plug?Metabolic brain disease · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundImmunologic abnormalities have been described in peripheral blood and central nervous system of patients suffering from Alzheimer's disease (AD), yet their role in the pathogenesis still remains poorly defined. AIM AND
methodsWe used the triple transgenic mouse model (3xTg-AD) to reproduce Aβ (amyloid plaques) and tau (neurofibrillary tangles) neuropathologies. We analyzed important features of the adaptive immune system in serum, primary (bone marrow) as well as secondary (spleen) lymphoid organs of 12-month-old 3xTg-AD mice using flow cytometry and ELISPOT. We further investigated serum cytokines of 9- and 13-month-old 3xTg-AD mice using multiplex ELISA. Results were compared to age-matched non-transgenic controls (NTg).
resultsIn the bone marrow of 12-month-old 3xTg-AD mice, we detected decreased proportions of short-term reconstituting hematopoietic stem cells (0.58-fold, P = 0.0116), while lymphocyte, granulocyte, and monocyte populations remained unchanged. Our results also point to increased activation of both B and T lymphocytes. Indeed, we report elevated levels of plasma cells in bone marrow (1.3-fold, P = 0.0405) along with a 5.4-fold rise in serum IgG concentration (P < 0.0001) in 3xTg-AD animals. Furthermore, higher levels of interleukin (IL)-2 were detected in serum of 9- and 13-month-old 3xTg-AD mice (P = 0.0018). Along with increased concentrations of IL-17 (P = 0.0115) and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (P = 0.0085), these data support helper T lymphocyte activation with Th17 polarization.
conclusionCollectively, these results suggest that the 3xTg-AD model mimics modifications of the adaptive immunity changes previously observed in human AD patients and underscore the activation of both valuable and harmful pathways of immunity in AD.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.