ArticleDemography2019
Educational Disparities in Adult Mortality Across U.S. States: How Do They Differ, and Have They Changed Since the Mid-1980s?
Article in Demography, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 95 papers.
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Who cites it
95 citing papers in PubMed.
- Parental education and children's old-age mortality: Evidence using college expansions.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2026Article
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- Public Policies in Historical Context and the Association Between Education and US Older Adults' Health.The Milbank quarterly · 2026Article
- US State Policy Index for Population Health Analyses.The Milbank quarterly · 2026Article
- US State Policy Contexts and Mental Health Among Working-Age Adults.The Milbank quarterly · 2026Article
- Unsecured Credit and the Social Safety Net in U.S. States.American sociological review · 2026Article
- Changes in the Education-Health Gradient Within U.S. States, 1993-2019.Population research and policy review · 2026Article
- Social determinants of health and life expectancy in US adults.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Article
- Educational Disparities in Preventable Deaths: Do They Explain the Longevity Gap Between Mexico and Spain?Journal of aging and health · 2025Article
- Interrogating Theories and Mechanisms Underlying Educational Inequities in Diet Quality.The Journal of nutrition · 2025Review
- Partner's Education and Mortality in Finland: A Study of Married and Cohabiting Unions Among Cohorts Born Between 1932 and 1970.European journal of population = Revue europeenne de demographie · 2025Article
- The Gender Gap in Life Expectancy in the United States and Deaths of Despair: Trends from 1979 to 2022.Population and development review · 2025Article
- Spatially Continuous Maps of Disease Risk: An Analysis of Mortality Disparities in the United States.AJPM focus · 2025Article
- Advancing the Study of Power: Opportunities and Priorities for Understanding Population Health Inequities.American journal of public health · 2025Article
- The Association between the Volatility of Income and Life Expectancy in the United States.Journal of labor economics · 2025Article
- The Mental Health of Essential Workers during the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Role of U.S. State-level Policies.Society and mental health · 2025Article
- Life expectancy by county and educational attainment in the USA, 2000-19: an observational analysis.The Lancet. Public health · 2025Observational
- Geographical variation in the long-arm of childhood.Health & place · 2025Article
- State-Level Paid Sick Leave Policies and Population Mental Health during the COVID-19 Pandemic in the United States.Society and mental health · 2024Article
- Disparities in wellbeing in the USA by race and ethnicity, age, sex, and location, 2008-21: an analysis using the Human Development Index.Lancet (London, England) · 2024Article
35 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
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Abstract
Adult mortality varies greatly by educational attainment. Explanations have focused on actions and choices made by individuals, neglecting contextual factors such as economic and policy environments. This study takes an important step toward explaining educational disparities in U.S. adult mortality and their growth since the mid-1980s by examining them across U.S. states. We analyzed data on adults aged 45-89 in the 1985-2011 National Health Interview Survey Linked Mortality File (721,448 adults; 225,592 deaths). We compared educational disparities in mortality in the early twenty-first century (1999-2011) with those of the late twentieth century (1985-1998) for 36 large-sample states, accounting for demographic covariates and birth state. We found that disparities vary considerably by state: in the early twenty-first century, the greater risk of death associated with lacking a high school credential, compared with having completed at least one year of college, ranged from 40 % in Arizona to 104 % in Maryland. The size of the disparities varies across states primarily because mortality associated with low education varies. Between the two periods, higher-educated adult mortality declined to similar levels across most states, but lower-educated adult mortality decreased, increased, or changed little, depending on the state. Consequently, educational disparities in mortality grew over time in many, but not all, states, with growth most common in the South and Midwest. The findings provide new insights into the troubling trends and disparities in U.S. adult mortality.
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