ArticleNeuroradiology2019
Normal development of costal element ossification centers of sacral vertebrae in the fetal spine: a postmortem magnetic resonance imaging study.
Article in Neuroradiology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 4 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prenatal Spectrum of COL2A1-Related Spondyloepiphyseal Dysplasia Congenita: A Review and Two Case Reports.Prenatal diagnosis · 2026Review
- Article
- Fetal magnetic resonance imaging of lumbar spine development in vivo: a retrospective study.Child's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery · 2022Article
- Use of magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of fetal vertebral abnormalities in utero: a single-center retrospective cohort study.Quantitative imaging in medicine and surgery · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeThis postmortem magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study of the fetal spine aimed to describe the timing of appearance, shape, volume, and relative positions of the S1-S3 costal element ossification centers (CEOCs).
methodsWe obtained sagittal 3D dual-echo steady-state with water excitation T2 images of the entire spine in 71 fetuses (gestational ages (GAs), 17-42 weeks). Computed tomography and histological examinations were performed on two fetal specimens (GAs, 21 and 30 weeks) to validate the MR images. The presence/absence of each sacral CEOC was recorded according to the GA. CEOC volume was measured. We analyzed the CEOC position relative to the vertebral column and ilium.
resultsThe S1, S2, and S3 CEOCs first appeared at 23, 22, and 29 weeks, respectively. The S1 and S2 CEOCs could be detected in all fetuses with GAs of ≥ 30 weeks and ≥ 35 weeks, respectively, while the S3 CEOCs were variably present until term. The percentages of detection of the S1 and S2 CEOCs were significantly greater than that of the S3 CEOCs at each GA. At S1 and S2, the CEOC volume increased exponentially with GA. The relative positions of the S1 and S2 CEOCs, but not the S3 CEOCs, significantly correlated with GA (P < 0.001).
conclusionWe have described the timeline of appearance as well as the volume and position of the S1-S3 CEOCs in the fetal spine on postmortem MRI according to GA.
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