ArticleParasites & vectors2019
Infection prevalence and ecotypes of Anaplasma phagocytophilum in moose Alces alces, red deer Cervus elaphus, roe deer Capreolus capreolus and Ixodes ricinus ticks from Norway.
Article in Parasites & vectors, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- WaterborneJournal of water and health · 2024Pooled it
- WaterborneJournal of water and health · 2024Pooled it
- The Roles of Contrasting Host Types on the Environmental Abundance ofEcology and evolution · 2026Article
- Surveillance of tick-borne pathogens in ticks collected from Swiss residents.Parasites & vectors · 2026Article
- Antibodies against tick-borne pathogens in domestic dogs in Norway: Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, tick-borne encephalitis virus, and Anaplasma phagocytophilum.Acta veterinaria Scandinavica · 2026Article
- Tick-borne pathogens in Ixodes ricinus (Acari: Ixodidae) and Ixodes inopinatus × I. ricinus hybrids in Central Europe: no link to bird diversity or abundance.Journal of medical entomology · 2026Article
- Seroprevalence of IgG Antibodies AgainstMicroorganisms · 2025Article
- Article
- Tick-Borne Bacterial Diseases in Europe: Threats to public health.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2024Review
- Diversity ofAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Article
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- Circulation of Anaplasma phagocytophilum among invasive and native carnivore species living in sympatry in Poland.Parasites & vectors · 2023Article
- Role of invasive carnivores (Procyon lotor and Nyctereutes procyonoides) in epidemiology of vector-borne pathogens: molecular survey from the Czech Republic.Parasites & vectors · 2023Article
- Transovarial transmission of pathogenic protozoa and rickettsial organisms in ticks.Parasitology research · 2023Review
- Distant genetic variants of Anaplasma phagocytophilum from Ixodes ricinus attached to people.Parasites & vectors · 2023Article
- Presence ofPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- A Disease Outbreak in Beef Cattle Associated withAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2023Article
- Salmincola markewitschi or S. carpionis (Copepoda: Lernaeopodidae)? A requirement for taxonomic revision due to their high morphological variations.Folia parasitologica · 2022Article
- Different hosts in different lakes: prevalence and population genetic structure of plerocercoids of Ligula intestinalis (Cestoda) in Czech water bodies.Folia parasitologica · 2022Article
- Prevalence and Genotyping ofAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe geographical expansion of the tick Ixodes ricinus in northern Europe is a serious concern for animal and human health. The pathogen Anaplasma phagocytophilum is transmitted by ticks and causes emergences of tick-borne fever (anaplasmosis) in livestock. The transmission dynamics of the different ecotypes of A. phagocytophilum in the ecosystems is only partly determined. Red deer and roe deer contribute to circulation of different ecotypes of A. phagocytophilum in continental Europe, while the role of moose for circulation of different ecotypes is not fully established but an important issue in northern Europe.
methodsWe determined infection prevalence and ecotypes of A. phagocytophilum in moose (n = 111), red deer (n = 141), roe deer (n = 28) and questing ticks (n = 9241) in Norway.
resultsAs previously described, red deer was exclusively linked to circulation of ecotype I, while roe deer was exclusively linked to circulation of ecotype II. Surprisingly, we found 58% ecotype I (n = 19) and 42% of ecotype II (n = 14) in moose. Both ecotypes were found in questing ticks in areas with multiple cervid species present, while only ecotype I was found in ticks in a region with only red deer present. Hence, the geographical distribution of ecotypes in ticks followed the distribution of cervid species present in a given region and their link to ecotype I and II.
conclusionsMoose probably function as reservoirs for both ecotype I and II, indicating that the ecotypes of A. phagocytophilum are not entirely host-specific and have overlapping niches. The disease hazard depends also on both host abundance and the number of immature ticks fed by each host. Our study provides novel insights in the northern distribution and expansion of tick-borne fever.
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