ReviewJournal of innate immunity2019
The Iron Tug-of-War between Bacterial Siderophores and Innate Immunity.
Review in Journal of innate immunity, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 95 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
95 citing papers in PubMed, 163 citations in OpenAlex.
- Antimicrobial proteins regulating neuroinflammation.Annals of medicine · 2026Review
- Iron, Tuberculosis, and Particle-Related Exposures Including Smoking.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Gut microbiota and iron deficiency anemia: Mechanisms, microbial signatures, and dietary interactions (A narrative review).Asia Pacific journal of clinical nutrition · 2026Review
- TheMicroorganisms · 2026Article
- Iron Compartmentalisation and Vascular Endothelial Cell Dysfunction.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Genomic and functional approaches point to potential determinants of neonatalMicrobiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Diet-vaccine interactions: SQM Iron andApplied and environmental microbiology · 2026Article
- Sex bias in iron sequestration by transferrin 1 modulates sexually dimorphic infection outcomes in Drosophila melanogaster.Genetics · 2026Article
- Positron Emission Tomography Imaging of Bacterial Infections With an Enterobactin Analog to Monitor Treatment Efficacy With a Catechol Antibiotic.Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English) · 2026Article
- Bacterial Siderophore Production in Metal-Rich Environments: Underexplored Sources of Siderophores and Insights into Bioremediation.Journal of natural products · 2026Review
- Metal uptake systems underpinInfection and immunity · 2026Article
- Reexamining the Role of Amyloid β Clearance from the Brain: Exporting Labile Iron from the Interstitial Fluid Performs a Protective Function.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Ferrichrome: bacterial function, synthetic mimics, and biomedical applications.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
- The intersection of mitochondria, lipids, and ferroptosis: a new avenue for dry age-related macular degeneration.Apoptosis : an international journal on programmed cell death · 2025Review
- Gut Microbiota and Ferroptosis in Colorectal Cancer: A Comprehensive Review of Mechanisms and Therapeutic Strategies to Overcome Immune Checkpoint Resistance.Biomolecules · 2025Review
- Akkermansia muciniphila MucNature communications · 2025Article
- Article
- Targeting Lcn2 to Inhibit Myocardial Cell Ferroptosis is a Potential Therapy for Alleviating Septic Cardiomyopathy.Inflammation · 2025Article
- Unveiling the Genomic Landscape of Escherichia coli O1:K1:H7 ST59 in Non-complicated Urinary Infections from Colombia Through Whole-Genome Sequencing.Current microbiology · 2025Article
- Review
35 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Iron is necessary for the survival of almost all aerobic organisms. In the mammalian host, iron is a required cofactor for the assembly of functional iron-sulfur (Fe-S) cluster proteins, heme-binding proteins and ribonucleotide reductases that regulate various functions, including heme synthesis, oxygen transport and DNA synthesis. However, the bioavailability of iron is low due to its insolubility under aerobic conditions. Moreover, the host coordinates a nutritional immune response to restrict the accessibility of iron against potential pathogens. To counter nutritional immunity, most commensal and pathogenic bacteria synthesize and secrete small iron chelators termed siderophores. Siderophores have potent affinity for iron, which allows them to seize the essential metal from the host iron-binding proteins. To safeguard against iron thievery, the host relies upon the innate immune protein, lipocalin 2 (Lcn2), which could sequester catecholate-type siderophores and thus impede bacterial growth. However, certain bacteria are capable of outmaneuvering the host by either producing "stealth" siderophores or by expressing competitive antagonists that bind Lcn2 in lieu of siderophores. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms underlying the complex iron tug-of-war between host and bacteria with an emphasis on how host innate immunity responds to siderophores.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.