ArticleInternational urology and nephrology2019
Evolution of protein-bound uremic toxins indoxyl sulphate and p-cresyl sulphate in acute kidney injury.
Article in International urology and nephrology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Links between Microbiome and Uremic Toxins in Acute Kidney Injury: Beyond Gut Feeling-A Systematic Review.Toxins · 2020Pooled it
- Probiotics in septic acute kidney injury, a double blind, randomized control trial.Renal failure · 2023Trial
- Article
- Gut Microbiota and Their Metabolites in Acute Kidney Injury: Classification, Mechanisms, and Therapeutic Potential.Metabolites · 2026Review
- Uremic Toxins and Mortality in Patients With Acute Kidney Injury Prior to and During Continuous Kidney Replacement Therapy.Kidney medicine · 2026Article
- Article
- Microbiota-Gut-Kidney Axis and Targeted Therapeutic Strategies in Kidney Diseases.International journal of biological sciences · 2026Review
- Mitophagy in kidney and lung epithelial cells: molecular mechanisms, crosstalk, and therapeutic interventions.Frontiers in physiology · 2026Review
- Decoding lung-kidney interactions in sepsis: an integrated view of molecular mechanisms, pathophysiology, and therapeutic interventions.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Interplay between gut microbiota and acute kidney injury: a review of their mutual influence and causation.Renal failure · 2025Review
- Anti-Anaerobic Antibiotics, Gut Microbiota, and Sepsis-associated Acute Kidney Injury.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · 2025Article
- Acute kidney disease in mice is associated with early cardiovascular dysfunction.Renal failure · 2024Article
- The AKI-to-CKD Transition: The Role of Uremic Toxins.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Gut microbiota and neonatal acute kidney injury biomarkers.Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2023Review
- Obstructive nephropathy and molecular pathophysiology of renal interstitial fibrosis.Physiological reviews · 2023Review
- Review
- Progress and Challenges of Understanding Cardiorenal Syndrome Type 3.Reviews in cardiovascular medicine · 2023Review
- Co-Housing and Fecal Microbiota Transplantation: Technical Support for TCM Herbal Treatment of Extra-Intestinal Diseases Based on Gut Microbial Ecosystem Remodeling.Drug design, development and therapy · 2023Review
- Gut Microbiota Mediates the Protective Effects of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula Qiong-Yu-Gao against Cisplatin-Induced Acute Kidney Injury.Microbiology spectrum · 2022Article
- The Role of Gut-Derived, Protein-Bound Uremic Toxins in the Cardiovascular Complications of Acute Kidney Injury.Toxins · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThere is a gradual increase in serum concentrations of protein-bound colon-derived uremic toxins indoxyl sulphate (IxS) and p-cresyl sulphate (pCS) as chronic kidney disease (CKD) progresses. In acute kidney injury (AKI), up till now, the retention pattern has not been studied.
methodsIn this study, 194 adult patients admitted with sepsis to the intensive care unit were included. IxS, pCS and serum creatinine (sCrea) were quantified at inclusion (D0) and at day 4, unless follow-up ended earlier (D
resultsSerum levels of sCrea (P < 0.001), IxS (P < 0.001) and pCS (P < 0.05) were higher in patients with AKI according to RIFLE classification at D0. In contrast with sCrea, IxS and pCS levels only increased from stage I (IxS) and F (pCS) on. When grouped according to evolution in RIFLE class from D0 to D
conclusionsAlthough concentrations of IxS and pCS both tend to rise in sepsis patients with AKI, their evolution does not conform with that of sCrea. For the same level of sCrea, IxS and pCS concentrations are lower in AKI compared with CKD.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.