Evidence map›Paper›PMID 30604054›Full record

ArticleJournal of neurology2019

The dual role of cognitive reserve in subjective cognitive decline and mild cognitive impairment: a 7-year follow-up study.

Salvatore Mazzeo, Sonia Padiglioni, Silvia Bagnoli, Laura Bracco, Benedetta Nacmias, Sandro Sorbi, Valentina Bessi

Registry-linked trialAbstract read
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of neurology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05569083 (PRedicting the EVolution of SubjectIvE Cognitive Decline to Alzheimer's Disease With Machine Learning), which is not on this map. Cited by 39 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
39citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT05569083 unknown statusnot on this mapstarted 2020, after this paper: background citation

PRedicting the EVolution of SubjectIvE Cognitive Decline to Alzheimer's Disease With Machine Learning

TypeobservationalSponsorAzienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria CareggiRan2020 to 2024Enrolled350ConditionsCognitive Decline, Mild Cognitive Impairment, Alzheimer DiseaseArmsGenetic analysis of APOE and BDNF genes., EEG recording, CSF collection and AD biomarker measurement, Neuropsychological evaluation, Assessment of cognitive reserve, depression, personality traits and leisure activities
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

39 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Cognitive reserve and everyday functioning in cognitively unimpaired older adults: evidence from the CAN-PROTECT study.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2026
    Article
  4. Development and Validation of a Predictive Model for Identification of Cognitive Impairment Risk in Older Adults with Subjective Cognitive Decline：A Longitudinal Study.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Salvatore MazzeoDepartment of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Largo Brambilla, 3, 50134, Florence, Italy.
Sonia PadiglioniDepartment of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Largo Brambilla, 3, 50134, Florence, Italy.
Silvia BagnoliDepartment of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Largo Brambilla, 3, 50134, Florence, Italy.
Laura BraccoDepartment of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Largo Brambilla, 3, 50134, Florence, Italy.
Benedetta NacmiasDepartment of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Largo Brambilla, 3, 50134, Florence, Italy.
Sandro SorbiDepartment of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Largo Brambilla, 3, 50134, Florence, Italy.
Valentina BessiDepartment of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Largo Brambilla, 3, 50134, Florence, Italy. valentina.bessi@unifi.it.

Funding

Ministero della Salute and Regione Toscana GR-2010-2316359
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of cognitive reserve (CR), in progression from subjective cognitive decline (SCD) to mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). For this purpose, we followed up 263 patients (154 SCD; 109 MCI) for a mean time of 7 years. CR was assessed by the Test di Intelligenza Breve (TIB), functionally equivalent to the National Adult Reading Test. High CR resulted as a protective factor for progression from SCD to MCI. Age at conversion to MCI was delayed 9 years on average in SCD with high CR with respect to SCD with low CR. On the contrary, high CR resulted as a risk factor for progression from MCI to AD dementia only in APOE ε4 carriers. Conversion time from MCI to AD dementia was 3 years shorter in ε4 carriers with high CR than subjects with low CR and ε4 non-carriers with high CR. Consistent with the CR hypothesis, our results showed that higher levels of CR protect against the earliest clinical manifestations of AD. In line with the previous researches, we found an interaction between CR and APOE in progression from MCI to AD dementia.

Indexed as

Disease ProgressionAgedAlzheimer DiseaseApolipoprotein E4Cognitive DysfunctionCognitive ReserveFemaleFollow-Up StudiesHumansMaleMiddle AgedApolipoprotein E4Alzheimer’s diseaseAPOECognitive reserveMild cognitive impairmentNeuropsychologySubjective cognitive decline

Identifiers

PMID30604054

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.