SynthesisJournal of global health2019
Global burden of
Synthesis in Journal of global health, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 183 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
183 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Fecal microbiota transplantation for the treatment of recurrent Clostridioides difficile (Clostridium difficile).The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2023Pooled it
- Omadacycline andThe Annals of pharmacotherapy · 2023Pooled it
- Body mass index and risk of clostridioides difficile infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Infection · 2022Pooled it
- Approaches to multidrug-resistant organism prevention and control in long-term care facilities for older people: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Antimicrobial resistance and infection control · 2022Pooled it
- Burden of Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) - a systematic review of the epidemiology of primary and recurrent CDI.BMC infectious diseases · 2021Pooled it
- A systematic review and meta-analysis of diverting loop ileostomy versus total abdominal colectomy for the treatment of Clostridium difficile colitis.Langenbeck's archives of surgery · 2020Pooled it
- Microbiome and Metabolome Restoration After Administration of Fecal Microbiota, Live-jslm (REBYOTA) for Preventing Recurrent Clostridioides difficile Infection.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2025Trial
- A Randomized, Double-Blind, Phase 3 Safety and Efficacy Study of Ridinilazole Versus Vancomycin for Treatment of Clostridioides difficile Infection: Clinical Outcomes With Microbiome and Metabolome Correlates of Response.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2024Trial
- Identification and Characterization of Patient Populations at High Risk for Clostridioides difficile Infection (CDI): A Narrative Review.Infectious diseases and therapy · 2026Review
- Review
- Trends in Clostridioides Difficile Hospitalisations in Ireland (2009-2022).Irish journal of medical science · 2026Article
- Argyrin B exhibits potent therapeutic efficacy in a Clostridioides difficile-infection mouse model while preserving microbiota functionality.npj antimicrobials and resistance · 2026Article
- Phase variable colony morphotypes ofInfection and immunity · 2026Article
- Characteristics, temporal trends and outcomes of Clostridioides difficile infection among hospitalized patients in Spain, 2016-2022.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Observational
- Clostridioides difficile as a Zoonotic and Foodborne Pathogen: Reviewing the Global Evidence and South African Data.MicrobiologyOpen · 2026Review
- Engineering smart bacteria for the next generation.Cell reports. Medicine · 2026Review
- Diagnosis, treatment, and prophylaxis ofJournal of the Association of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Disease Canada = Journal officiel de l'Association pour la microbiologie medicale et l'infectiologie Canada · 2026Article
- Contrasting the gut microbiome in Colombian patients with diarrhea: a comparative metagenomic study in hospitalization and emergency room services.Gut pathogens · 2026Article
- Phase variable colony morphotypes ofbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Significant Increase inGastro hep advances · 2026Article
123 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
background
methodsSeven databases were searched (January 2016) to identify studies and surveillance reports published between 2005 and 2015 reporting CDI incidence rates. CDI incidence rates for health care facility-associated (HCF), hospital onset-health care facility-associated, medical or general intensive care unit (ICU), internal medicine (IM), long-term care facility (LTCF), and community-associated (CA) were extracted and standardized. Meta-analysis was conducted using a random effects model.
results229 publications, with data from 41 countries, were included. The overall rate of HCF-CDI was 2.24 (95% confidence interval CI = 1.66-3.03) per 1000 admissions/y and 3.54 (95%CI = 3.19-3.92) per 10 000 patient-days/y. Estimated rates for CDI with onset in ICU or IM wards were 11.08 (95%CI = 7.19-17.08) and 10.80 (95%CI = 3.15-37.06) per 1000 admission/y, respectively. Rates for CA-CDI were lower: 0.55 (95%CI = 0.13-2.37) per 1000 admissions/y. CDI rates were generally higher in North America and among the elderly but similar rates were identified in other regions and age groups.
conclusionsOur review highlights the widespread burden of disease of
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.