ArticleJournal of virology2019
Porcine Circovirus 2 Uses a Multitude of Weak Binding Sites To Interact with Heparan Sulfate, and the Interactions Do Not Follow the Symmetry of the Capsid.
Article in Journal of virology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- Engineered PCV2 VLPs for Antigen Delivery: A Platform for Next-Generation Veterinary Vaccines.Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2026Review
- Article
- Annexin A2 facilitates porcine circovirus type 2 infection by mediating viral attachment to host cells and interacting with the capsid protein.Veterinary research · 2025Article
- Further evidence of the host plasticity of porcine circovirus-2: detection of the virus in domestic dogs in Namibia.BMC veterinary research · 2025Article
- Structural Capsidomics of Single-Stranded DNA Viruses.Viruses · 2025Review
- Host-driven evolution of PCV2: insights into genetic diversity and adaptation.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Review
- Conventional Electron Microscopy, Cryogenic Electron Microscopy, and Cryogenic Electron Tomography of Viruses.Sub-cellular biochemistry · 2024Review
- Selection and Evaluation ofVaccines · 2023Article
- Targeting heparan sulfate-protein interactions with oligosaccharides and monoclonal antibodies.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2023Review
- Review
- Current knowledge on epidemiology and evolution of novel porcine circovirus 4.Veterinary research · 2022Review
- Molecular Detection and Genetic Characterization of Porcine Circovirus 2 (PCV-2) in Black-Backed Jackal (Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2022Article
- Constant pH molecular dynamics of porcine circovirus 2 capsid protein reveals a mechanism for capsid assembly.Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP · 2021Article
- The Oryx Antelope (Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Structural insight into the type-specific epitope of porcine circovirus type 3.Bioscience reports · 2020Article
- Article
- Porcine DNAJB6 promotes PCV2 replication via enhancing the formation of autophagy in host cells.Veterinary research · 2020Article
- Cryo-EM structure of eastern equine encephalitis virus in complex with heparan sulfate analogues.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2020Article
- The Carboxyl Terminus of the Porcine Circovirus Type 2 Capsid Protein Is Critical to Virus-Like Particle Assembly, Cell Entry, and Propagation.Journal of virology · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) is the smallest pathogenic virus capable of autonomous replication within its host. Infections result in immunosuppression and subsequent death of the host and are initiated via the attachment of the PCV2 icosahedral capsid to heparan sulfate (HS) and chondroitin sulfate B (CSB) glycosaminoglycans on the cell surface. However, the underlying mechanism of structural recognition remains to be explored. Using heparin, a routinely used analog of heparan sulfate, we demonstrate that increasing lengths of heparin exhibit a greater affinity toward PCV2. Our competition assays indicate that dextran sulfate (8 kDa) has a higher affinity for PCV2 than heparin (12 kDa), chondroitin sulfate B (41 kDa), hyaluronic acid (1.6 MDa), and dextran (6 kDa). This suggests that polymers high in sulfate content are capable of competing with the PCV2-heparan sulfate interaction and, thus, have the potential to inhibit PCV2 infection. Finally, we visualized the interaction between heparin and the PCV2 capsid using cryo-electron microscopy single-particle analysis, symmetry expansion, and focused classification. The image reconstructions provide the first example of an asymmetric distribution of heparin on the surface of an icosahedral virus capsid. We demonstrate that each of the 60 capsid subunits that generate the T
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.