ArticleJournal of travel medicine2019
Barriers to malaria prevention in US-based travellers visiting friends and relatives abroad: a qualitative study of West African immigrant travellers†.
Article in Journal of travel medicine, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- Determinants of malaria prevalence among children under 5 years of age in 17 sub-Saharan African countries: insights from Malaria Indicator Surveys.Global health action · 2026Article
- Malaria.The New England journal of medicine · 2025Review
- Epidemiological characteristics and molecular identification ofJournal of parasitic diseases : official organ of the Indian Society for Parasitology · 2024Article
- A Stitch in Time Saves Nine: Planning for Artesunate Supply with Malaria on the Rise.Journal of community hospital internal medicine perspectives · 2024Article
- Travel-Related Diagnoses Among U.S. Nonmigrant Travelers or Migrants Presenting to U.S. GeoSentinel Sites - GeoSentinel Network, 2012-2021.Morbidity and mortality weekly report. Surveillance summaries (Washington, D.C. : 2002) · 2023Article
- Costs of malaria treatment in the United States.Journal of travel medicine · 2023Article
- Symptoms of illness during travel and risk factors for non-adherence to malaria prophylaxis-a cross-sectional study in travellers from Germany.Journal of travel medicine · 2023Article
- Malaria Surveillance - United States, 2018.Morbidity and mortality weekly report. Surveillance summaries (Washington, D.C. : 2002) · 2022Article
- Antimalarial chemoprophylaxis and treatment in the USA: limited access and extreme price variability.Journal of travel medicine · 2022Article
- Gaps in knowledge and practices of malaria prevention in Francophone African immigrants in Metropolitan Edmonton.Malaria journal · 2022Article
- Forest malaria and prospects for anti-malarial chemoprophylaxis among forest goers: findings from a qualitative study in Thailand.Malaria journal · 2022Article
- Acceptability and feasibility of malaria prophylaxis for forest goers: findings from a qualitative study in Cambodia.Malaria journal · 2021Article
- Migration-associated malaria from Africa in southern Spain.Parasites & vectors · 2021Article
- Malaria Surveillance - United States, 2017.Morbidity and mortality weekly report. Surveillance summaries (Washington, D.C. : 2002) · 2021Article
- Travel-related fever in the time of COVID-19 travel restrictions.Journal of travel medicine · 2020Article
- Article
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundOver half of malaria cases reported in the USA occur among people travelling to visit friends and relatives (VFRs), predominantly to West Africa. Few studies have queried VFR travellers directly on barriers to seeking pre-travel care. We aim to describe the knowledge, attitudes and practices of VFRs travelling to malaria-endemic countries from the USA. With these findings, we aim to design interventions to encourage preventive behaviours before and during travel.
methodsSixteen focus groups were held in two US metropolitan areas with West African immigrant populations: Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN, and New York City, NY. A total of 172 people from 13 African countries participated. Focus group discussions were audio-recorded and transcribed, and modified grounded theory analysis was performed. Participants reviewed themes to verify intent of statements.
resultsParticipants described the high cost of provider visits and chemoprophylaxis, challenges in advocating for themselves in healthcare settings and concerns about offending or inconveniencing hosts as barriers to malaria prevention. Cultural barriers to accessing pre-travel care included competing priorities when trip planning, such as purchasing gifts for family, travel logistics and safety concerns. When participants sought pre-travel care, most consulted their primary care provider. Participants expressed low confidence in US providers' knowledge and training about malaria and other tropical diseases.
conclusionBarriers to pre-travel care for VFR travellers are multifaceted and extend beyond their perception of disease risk. Only some barriers previously reported in anecdotal and qualitative literature were supported in our findings. Future interventions should be aimed at barriers identified by individual communities and involve primary and travel specialist healthcare providers. Additional work is needed to address systems-level barriers to accessing care and establishing community-based programs to support West African VFR traveller health.
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