ArticleInvestigative ophthalmology & visual science2019
Evidence of Hypoxic Glial Cells in a Model of Ocular Hypertension.
Article in Investigative ophthalmology & visual science, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers.
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Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 44 citations in OpenAlex.
- Retinal glial cells in glaucoma and age-related retinal diseases: Inflammatory responses, disease transitions, and translational perspectives.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- The Dual Role of Macroglia in Glaucoma: Deciphering the Contributions of Astrocytes and Müller Cells to Retinal Neurodegeneration and Neuroprotection.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Involvement of Mitophagy in Endothelin-1 Mediated Neurodegeneration in Rodent Models of Glaucoma.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Dual role of microglia in glaucoma: Regulation of neuroinflammation and neuroregeneration.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- Anti-Apoptotic and Neurite-Protective Nanomedicine Augments Embryonic Stem Cells-Derived Retinal Ganglion Cell Transplantation in Glaucoma Recovery.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Stretch strain shifts optic nerve head astrocyte metabolism to enrich α-ketoglutarate and the pentose phosphate pathway.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Erythropoiesis-inosine metabolic axis failure underlying retinal neurodegeneration in glaucoma: novel diagnoses and therapies.Experimental & molecular medicine · 2026Article
- Compensatory transporter upregulation facilitates retinal ganglion cell survival in glaucoma after MCT2 elimination.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Article
- Stage- and compartment-specific remodeling of autophagy and selective mitophagy in glaucoma: from aqueous outflow dysfunction to retinal ganglion cell neurodegeneration.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Review
- Experimental models to study oxidative stress in glaucoma: integratingFrontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Imaging of the retinal hypoxia: A journey from oxygen microelectrode to the first hypoxia imaging in the living retina.Progress in retinal and eye research · 2025Review
- C/EBP Homologous Protein Expression in Retinal Ganglion Cells Induces Neurodegeneration in Mice.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Impaired axonal transport contributes to neurodegeneration in a Cre-inducible mouse model of myocilin-associated glaucoma.JCI insight · 2025Article
- Recent Insights into Roles of Hypoxia-Inducible Factors in Retinal Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Mitochondria in Retinal Ganglion Cells: Unraveling the Metabolic Nexus and Oxidative Stress.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Ocular Inflammation and Oxidative Stress as a Result of Chronic Intermittent Hypoxia: A Rat Model of Sleep Apnea.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Pigment Dispersion Contributes to Ocular Immune Privilege in a DBA/2J Mouse Model of Pigmentary Glaucoma.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2024Article
- The ketogenic diet and hypoxia promote mitophagy in the context of glaucoma.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2024Article
- Long-term HIF-1α stabilization reduces respiration, promotes mitophagy, and results in retinal cell death.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- HIF-1α Reduction by Lowering Intraocular Pressure Alleviated Retinal Neovascularization.Biomolecules · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Purpose: Reoxygenation after hypoxia can increase reactive oxygen species and upregulate autophagy. We determined, for the first time, the impact of elevated IOP on hypoxia induction, superoxide accumulation, and autophagy in a bead model of glaucoma. Method: Ocular hypertension was achieved with magnetic bead injection into the anterior chamber. Before mice were killed, they were injected with pimonidazole for hypoxia detection and dihydroethidium (DHE) for superoxide detection. Total retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and optic nerve (ON) axons were quantified, total glutathione (GSH) was measured, and retinal and ON protein and mRNA were analyzed for hypoxia (Hif-1α and Hif-2α), autophagy (LC3 and p62), and SOD2. Results: With IOP elevation (P < 0.0001), the retina showed significantly (P < 0.001) decreased GSH compared with control, and a significant decrease (P < 0.01) in RGC density compared with control. Pimonidazole-positive Müller glia, microglia, astrocytes, and RGCs were present in the retinas after 4 weeks of ocular hypertension but absent in both the control and after only 2 weeks of ocular hypertension. The ON showed significant axon degeneration (P < 0.0001). The mean intensity of DHE in the ganglion cell layer and ON significantly increased (P < 0.0001). The ratio of LC3-II to LC3-I revealed a significant increase (P < 0.05) in autophagic activity in hypertensive retinas compared with control. Conclusions: We report a novel observation of hypoxia and a significant decrease in GSH, likely contributing to superoxide accumulation, in the retinas of ocular hypertensive mice. The significant increase in the ratio of LC3-II to LC3-I suggests autophagy induction.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.