Evidence map›Paper›PMID 30599762›Full record

ArticleCanadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie2019

Comorbidity Patterns of Psychiatric Conditions in Canadian Armed Forces Personnel.

J Don Richardson, Amanda Thompson, Lisa King, Felicia Ketcheson, Philippe Shnaider, Cherie Armour, Kate St Cyr, Jitender Sareen, Jon D Elhai, Mark A Zamorski

Open access · bronzeAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
9citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
3.1field-weighted citation impact, top 9% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

9 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 23 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Psychiatric exemptions at call-up and during military service: A comparative study.Military psychology : the official journal of the Division of Military Psychology, American Psychological Association · 2025
    Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors at 8 institutions in 3 countries.

J Don Richardson1 Department of Psychiatry, Western University, London, Ontario.
Amanda Thompson5 Canadian Forces Health Services Group, Ottawa, Ontario.
Lisa King3 Parkwood Institute Operational Stress Injury Clinic, London, Ontario.
Felicia Ketcheson3 Parkwood Institute Operational Stress Injury Clinic, London, Ontario.
Philippe Shnaider2 Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario.
Cherie Armour7 Ulster University, Coleraine, Co. Londonderry, UK.
Kate St Cyr3 Parkwood Institute Operational Stress Injury Clinic, London, Ontario.ORCID 0000-0002-5858-7612
Jitender Sareen8 Departments of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg.
Jon D Elhai10 Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA.
Mark A Zamorski4 MacDonald/Franklin OSI Research Centre, London, Ontario.
Parkwood Institute · CACanadian Armed Forces · CADeer Lodge Centre · CASt. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton · CAUniversity of Ottawa · CAUniversity of Toledo · USUniversity of Ulster · GBWestern University · CA

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivePosttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is often accompanied by other mental health conditions, including major depressive disorder (MDD), substance misuse disorders, and anxiety disorders. The objective of the current study is to delineate classes of comorbidity and investigate predictors of comorbidity classes amongst a sample of Canadian Armed Forces (CAF) Regular Force personnel.

methodsLatent class analyses (LCAs) were applied to cross-sectional data obtained between April and August 2013 from a nationally representative random sample of 6700 CAF Regular Force personnel who deployed to the mission in Afghanistan.

resultsMDD was the most common diagnosis (8.0%), followed by PTSD (5.3%) and generalized anxiety disorder (4.7%). Of those with a mental health condition, LCA revealed 3 classes of comorbidity: a highly comorbid class (8.3%), a depressed-only class (4.6%), and an alcohol use-only class (3.1%). Multinomial logit regression showed that women (adjusted relative risk ratio [ARRR] = 2.77; 95% CI, 2.13 to 3.60;

conclusionsResults provide further evidence to support screening for and treatment of comorbid mental health conditions. The role of sex, childhood abuse, and combat deployment in determining class membership may also prove valuable for clinicians treating military-related mental health conditions.

Indexed as

AdolescentAdultAfghan Campaign 2001-Anxiety DisordersCanadaComorbidityCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHumansLatent Class AnalysisMajor Depressive DisorderMaleMental DisordersMiddle AgedMilitary PersonnelStress Disorders, Post-Traumaticalcohol usecomorbiditygeneralized anxiety disordermajor depressive disorderposttraumatic stress disorder

Identifiers

PMID30599762
PMCPMC6610565
OpenAlexW2906724703

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.