ArticlePharmaceutics2018
Pharmacokinetic Simulations of Intravitreal Biologicals: Aspects of Drug Delivery to the Posterior and Anterior Segments.
Article in Pharmaceutics, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 51 citations in OpenAlex.
- A sequential dual-drug delivery system for multi-target inhibition of subretinal fibrosis.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Article
- Acute effects of intravitreal aflibercept injections on intraocular pressure in vitrectomized and silicone-oil-filled eyes: a prospective cohort study.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Targeted RNA Degradation by RIBOTACs: A Novel Therapeutic Avenue for Ophthalmic Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- In Vivo Comparison of Intracameral and Intravitreal Implantation of a Timolol Maleate Miniaturized Injectable Delivery System Device.Ophthalmology science · 2026Article
- Computational modeling of intravitreal ranibizumab kinetics: Predicting macular drug concentration and half-life.PloS one · 2026Article
- Ultrastructural and Immunohistochemical Study on the Nephrotoxicity Following Intravitreal Administration of the Antifungal Agents Voriconazole and Micafungin in New Zealand White Rabbits.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- From colonizer to culprit: genomic and clinical insights into S. epidermidis from post-surgical endophthalmitis.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2025Article
- Computer modeling of bevacizumab drug distribution after intravitreal injection in rabbit and human eyes.Journal of pharmaceutical sciences · 2025Article
- Oleogels for the ocular delivery of epalrestat: formulation, in vitro, in ovo, ex vivo and in vivo evaluation.Drug delivery and translational research · 2024Article
- Article
- Experimental and mathematical approaches for drug delivery for the treatment of wet age-related macular degeneration.Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society · 2023Review
- A Scalable Platform for Fabricating Biodegradable Microparticles with Pulsatile Drug Release.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2023Article
- Overcoming barriers to patient adherence: the case for developing innovative drug delivery systems.Nature reviews. Drug discovery · 2023Review
- Microvolume Analysis of Aflibercept in Aqueous Humor Using Mass Spectrometry.Translational vision science & technology · 2022Article
- Anti-VEGF Drugs Dynamics: Relevance for Clinical Practice.Pharmaceutics · 2022Article
- Pharmacokinetics of Pullulan-Dexamethasone Conjugates in Retinal Drug Delivery.Pharmaceutics · 2021Article
- Ocular Therapeutics and Molecular Delivery Strategies for Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration (nAMD).International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Deliver protein across bio-barriers via hexa-histidine metal assemblies for therapy: a case in corneal neovascularization model.Materials today. Bio · 2021Article
- Intravitreal Polymeric Nanocarriers with Long Ocular Retention and Targeted Delivery to the Retina and Optic Nerve Head Region.Pharmaceutics · 2021Article
- Extended Pharmacokinetic Model of the Intravitreal Injections of Macromolecules in Rabbits. Part 2: Parameter Estimation Based on Concentration Dynamics in the Vitreous, Retina, and Aqueous Humor.Pharmaceutical research · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Biologicals are important ocular drugs that are be delivered using monthly and bimonthly intravitreal injections to treat retinal diseases, such as age-related macular degeneration. Long acting delivery systems are needed for prolongation of their dosing interval. Intravitreal biologicals are eliminated from the eye via the aqueous humor outflow. Thus, the anterior and posterior segments are exposed to the drug. We utilized a kinetic simulation model to estimate protein drug concentrations in the vitreous and aqueous humor after bolus injection and controlled release administration to the vitreous. The simulations predicted accurately the experimental levels of 5 biologicals in the vitreous and aqueous humor. The good match between the simulations and experimental data demonstrated almost complete anterior segment bioavailability, and major dose sparing with ocular controlled release systems. Overall, the model is a useful tool in the design of intraocular delivery of biologicals.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.