ArticleThe Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy2019
HIV-1 drug resistance before initiation or re-initiation of first-line ART in eight regions of Mexico: a sub-nationally representative survey.
Article in The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- Acquired HIV-1 Drug Resistance and Molecular Transmission Networks in Zhongwei, Ningxia, China.Viruses · 2026Article
- Experience of a Nationwide implementation of single-tablet second-generation integrase inhibitors-based treatment in Mexico.IJID regions · 2025Article
- Article
- Pretreatment and acquired HIV drug resistance in Belize-results of nationally representative surveys, 2021-22.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2025Article
- Article
- Molecular epidemiology of HIV-1 among adult female sex workers at the Guatemala-Mexico border.Global public health · 2023Article
- High Level of Pretreatment and Acquired Human Immunodeficiency Virus Drug Resistance in El Salvador: A Nationally Representative Survey, 2018-2019.Open forum infectious diseases · 2022Article
- Phylodynamics of HIV in the Mexico City Metropolitan Region.Journal of virology · 2022Article
- HIV Pretreatment Drug Resistance Trends in Mexico City, 2017-2020.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Retention in Care, Mortality, Loss-to-Follow-Up, and Viral Suppression among Antiretroviral Treatment-Naïve and Experienced Persons Participating in a Nationally Representative HIV Pre-Treatment Drug Resistance Survey in Mexico.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Dynamics and Dispersal of Local Human Immunodeficiency Virus Epidemics Within San Diego and Across the San Diego-Tijuana Border.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2021Article
- Near point-of-care, point-mutation test to detect drug resistance in HIV-1: a validation study in a Mexican cohort.AIDS (London, England) · 2020Article
- Pretreatment HIV drug resistance spread within transmission clusters in Mexico City.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2020Article
- High levels of pretreatment and acquired HIV drug resistance in Nicaragua: results from the first nationally representative survey, 2016.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
17 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundHIV pretreatment drug resistance (PDR) to NNRTIs in persons initiating ART is increasing in Mexico.
objectivesTo compare HIV PDR in eight sub-regions of Mexico. PATIENTS AND
methodsA large PDR survey was implemented in Mexico (September 2017-March 2018) across eight sub-regions. All larger clinics (which provide ART to 90% of all initiators) were included, allocating sample size using the probability-proportional-to-size method. Both antiretroviral-naive and prior antiretroviral-exposed persons were included. HIV PDR levels were estimated from pol Sanger sequences obtained at a WHO-designated laboratory.
resultsA total of 2006 participants were enrolled from 74 clinics. PDR to NNRTIs was higher than to other drug classes (P < 0.0001), crossing the 10% threshold in the North-East, East, South-West and South-East. NNRTI PDR was higher in the South-West (P = 0.02), coinciding with the highest proportion of restarters in this sub-region (14%). We observed higher PDR prevalence to any drug in women compared with men (16.5% versus 12.2%, P = 0.04). After multivariable adjustment, higher NNRTI PDR remained significantly associated with previous antiretroviral exposure in the Centre-North, North-West, South-West and South-East [adjusted OR (aOR): 21, 5, 8 and 25, respectively; P < 0.05]. Genetic network analyses showed high assortativity by sub-region (P < 0.0001), with evidence of drug resistance mutation transmission within local clusters.
conclusionsDiversification of the public health response to HIV drug resistance based on sub-regional characteristics could be considered in Mexico. Higher NNRTI PDR levels were associated with poorer regions, suggesting opportunities to strengthen local HIV programmes. Price and licensing negotiations of drug regimens containing integrase inhibitors are warranted.
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