ArticlePloS one2018
The immunological function of extracellular vesicles in hepatitis B virus-infected hepatocytes.
Article in PloS one, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 49 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
49 citing papers in PubMed, 65 citations in OpenAlex.
- Extracellular Vesicles in Liver Disease: Redefining Diagnostic and Therapeutic Strategies.International journal of stem cells · 2026Review
- Review
- Microscopic messengers: roles and prospects of extracellular vesicles in hepatitis B and C.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Liver as a key organ for systemic antimicrobial defense.Hepatology communications · 2025Review
- A game of hide-and-seek: how extracellular vesicles evade the immune system.Drug delivery and translational research · 2025Review
- The PD-1/PD-L1 pathway and Epstein-Barr virus.European journal of medical research · 2025Review
- Unveiling the nexus: Oncolytic viruses, extracellular vesicles, and immune modulation.Molecular therapy. Oncology · 2025Article
- Ethanol Disrupts the Protective Crosstalk Between Macrophages and HBV-Infected Hepatocytes.Biomolecules · 2025Article
- Exosome in HBV infection: current concepts and future perspectives.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Review
- Extracellular Vesicles in Viral Liver Diseases.Viruses · 2024Review
- A molecular standard for circulating HBV RNA detection and quantification assays in patients with chronic hepatitis B.JHEP reports : innovation in hepatology · 2024Article
- The hijacking of HBV by small extracellular vesicles inhibits M1 macrophages to facilitate immune evasion.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Review
- Article
- Exosomes target HBV-host interactions to remodel the hepatic immune microenvironment.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2024Review
- The potential role of extracellular vesicles as hepatic diagnostic and therapeutic tools: Can the dream come true?iLIVER · 2024Review
- Cell Type-Specific Extracellular Vesicles and Their Impact on Health and Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Mutual regulation of PD-L1 immunosuppression between tumor-associated macrophages and tumor cells: a critical role for exosomes.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2024Review
- Extracellular Vesicles in Hepatobiliary Health and Disease.Comprehensive Physiology · 2023Review
- Recent advances in extracellular vesicles in gastrointestinal cancer and lymphoma.Cancer science · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) generates large amounts of complete and incomplete viral particles. Except for the virion, which acts as infectious particles, the function of those particles remains elusive. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been revealed to have biological functions. The EVs which size are less than 100 nm in diameter, were collected from HBV infected-patients. These vesicles contain, complete and incomplete virions, and exosomes, which have been recently shown to be critical as intercellular communicators. Here, the effects of the exosome, the complete, and the incomplete particles on the target cells were investigated. These particles are endocytosed by monocyte/macrophages and function primarily to upregulate PD-L1. The functions and composition of the EVs were affected by nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), suggesting that the EVs are involved in the pathogenesis of HBV hepatitis and clinical course of those patients treated by NRTIs.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.