ReviewJournal of environmental science and health. Part C, Environmental carcinogenesis & ecotoxicology reviews2019
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons as a potential source of carcinogenicity of mate.
Review in Journal of environmental science and health. Part C, Environmental carcinogenesis & ecotoxicology reviews, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- Yerba Maté and its impact on glycemic control and metabolic health: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Pooled it
- Evaluation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Content and Risk Assessment of Tea Products in South Korea.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Invited Perspective: Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons in Alcohol-An Unappreciated Carcinogenic Mechanism?Environmental health perspectives · 2024Article
- Yerba Mate-A Long but Current History.Nutrients · 2021Review
- Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in beverage and dairy products in South Korea: a risk characterization using the total diet study.Food science and biotechnology · 2021Article
- Molybdenum disulfide-hypercrosslinked polymer composite as an adsorbent for determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in environmental water coupled with HPLC-FLD.Mikrochimica acta · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Drinking mate, an infusion of the herb ilex paraguariensis, is very common in several South American countries, and has been associated with an increased risk of esophageal cancer. This increased risk may be attributed to drinking mate very hot, or to mate's potentially carcinogenic contaminants, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Mate leaves are often dried via smoking, and therefore commercial samples may have high amounts of PAHs. We found 10 original articles that had measured PAHs in commercial dry samples, and nearly all found very high mass fractions. Most studies found benzo[a]pyrene mass fractions to be over 25 ng/g, and some found levels up to 600 ng/g. However, carcinogenic PAHs are often hydrophobic, and may not readily transfer into infusions. Seven articles studied transfer rates, and these rates varied from 1 to 50%, depending on the methods employed. Further careful studies of transfer rates in situations that mimic real life drinking of mate are recommended. Also, further studies of biological indicators of PAH exposure, particularly in randomized experiments, and analyzing DNA from tumor samples of mate drinkers are recommended.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.