ArticleIndian heart journal2018
Role of ApoE gene polymorphism and nonconventional biochemical risk factors among very young individuals (aged less than 35 years) presenting with acute myocardial infarction.
Article in Indian heart journal, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- Meta-analysis of the association between Apolipoprotein E polymorphism and risks of myocardial infarction.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2022Pooled it
- Association between homocysteine and coronary artery disease-trend over time and across the regions: a systematic review and meta-analysis.The Egyptian heart journal : (EHJ) : official bulletin of the Egyptian Society of Cardiology · 2024Article
- Association of lipoprotein (a) with coronary artery disease in a South Asian population: A case-control study.PloS one · 2022Observational
- Associations between hyperhomocysteinemia and the presence and severity of acute coronary syndrome in young adults ≤ 35 years of age.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2021Observational
- Associations Between the Apolipoprotein E ε4 Allele and Reduced Serum Levels of High Density Lipoprotein a Cognitively Normal Aging Han Chinese Population.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundIncidence rate of acute myocardial infarction (MI) has increased in younger population over the years. The young patients have a different risk profile, presentation, and prognosis than the elderly. Hence, it is essential to understand the risk factors in young patients for proper treatment.
methodsApolipoprotein E (ApoE) polymorphism and biochemicals such as total cholesterol, serum triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1), apolipoprotein B (ApoB), lipoprotein(a), insulin, interleukin-6, homocysteine, fibrinogen, and highly sensitive C-reactive protein were investigated in very young MI (yMI patients; age ≤ 35 years; n = 125), in old MI (oMI patients; age >35 and < 80 years; n = 111), and healthy controls (age ≤35 years; n = 103).
resultsHDL-C was significantly lower in yMI patients than in controls (p = 2.63E-04) and oMI patients (p = 1.29E-05). ApoA1 was also lowest in yMI patients, but significant only in comparison to controls (p = 2.62E.04). The yMI group had the highest ratios of total cholesterol:HDL-C (p = 0.027 in yMI patients versus controls and p = 0.018 in yMI patients versus oMI patients), LDL-C:HDL-C (p = 0.002 in yMI patients versus controls and p = 0.005 in yMI patients versus oMI patients), and ApoB:ApoA1 (p = 8.75E-05 in yMI patients versus controls and p > 0.05 in yMI patients versus oMI patients). No significant pattern of ApoE polymorphisms was observed.
conclusionThe lower level of HDL-C and ApoA1 and higher ratios of total cholesterol:HDL-C, LDL-C:HDL-C, and ApoB:ApoA1 are risk factors for MI in young patients.
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