ArticleThe American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene2019
Prevalence of Tuberculosis Risk Factors among Bacteriologically Negative and Bacteriologically Confirmed Tuberculosis Patients from Five Regional Referral Hospitals in Uganda.
Article in The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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10 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Key risk factors for pulmonary vs. extrapulmonary tuberculosis: a comparative study in Southwest Ethiopia.Journal of clinical tuberculosis and other mycobacterial diseases · 2026Article
- Neutrophil-specific transcriptomic profiling reveals a novel signature for active tuberculosis diagnosis.Microbiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Magnitude of Tuberculosis, drug resistance patterns and associated factors among presumptive TB patients at five selected public Hospitals, Somali Region, Eastern Ethiopia. Retrospective cross-sectional study.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Tuberculosis mortality and drug resistance among patients under TB treatment before and during COVID-19 in Burundi: a case-control study.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Exploring the associations of tobacco smoking and serum cotinine levels with selected inflammatory markers in adults with HIV in South Africa.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Tuberculosis and diabetes mellitus comorbidity in an adult Ugandan population.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Distribution of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis in Ekiti and Ondo states, Nigeria.New microbes and new infections · 2023Article
- A Longitudinal Study of Multimodal Bronchoscopy Training in Uganda.ATS scholar · 2023Article
- An Emerging Syndemic of Smoking and Cardiopulmonary Diseases in People Living with HIV in Africa.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Pathogen Metagenomics Reveals Distinct Lung Microbiota Signatures Between Bacteriologically Confirmed and Negative Tuberculosis Patients.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2021Article
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6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
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Abstract
Understanding risk factors for tuberculosis (TB) and their prevalence helps guide early diagnosis. We determined their prevalence among bacteriologically negative and bacteriologically confirmed TB patients in five regional referral hospitals in Uganda. This cross-sectional study considered 1,862 adult presumptive TB participants. We performed fluorescent microscopy, Xpert MTB/RIF (Xpert), Lowenstein-Jensen culture, human immunodeficiency virus, and random blood sugar testing on recruited patients. Prevalence and prevalence ratios of risk factors were compared among bacteriologically negative and confirmed cases. Odds ratios and 95% confidence interval (CI) were determined for significant risk factors in bacteriologically confirmed patients. Of the 1,862 participants, 978 (55%) were male and the median age of the participants was 36 years (interquartile range: 27-48). Up to 273 (15%) had a positive result on all three TB tests. Most prevalent risk factors (prevalence ratio [PR] > 1.0) among bacteriologically negative and positive TB patients were cigarette smoking (9.3% versus 2.1%; PR = 2.1), biosmoke (24% versus 39.7%; PR = 1.7), contact (4.2% versus 6.5%; PR = 1.6), male gender (51.4% versus 72.5%; PR = 1.4), alcohol use (17.2% versus 24.4%; PR = 1.4), diabetes (0.7% versus 0.9%; PR = 1.3), and family history of TB (12.1% versus 13.7%; PR = 1.1). The risk factors and their adjusted prevalence rate ratios (95% CI) of being bacteriologically positive were male (1.8 [1.4-2.4]), biosmoke exposure (1.5 [1.2-2.0]), and history of cigarette smoking (1.6 [1.1-2.4]). Among bacteriologically confirmed patients in Uganda, cigarette smoking, biosmoke exposure, contact, male gender, alcohol use, diabetes, and family history of TB are important risk factors for TB. Interventions for TB control in people with these risk factors would help in TB control efforts.
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