Evidence map›Paper›PMID 30592976›Full record

ArticleNeurobiology of disease2019

Low cerebral blood flow is a non-invasive biomarker of neuroinflammation after repetitive mild traumatic brain injury.

Sitara B Sankar, Alyssa F Pybus, Amanda Liew, Bharat Sanders, Kajol J Shah, Levi B Wood, Erin M Buckley

Open access · greenAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Neurobiology of disease, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
35citing papers in PubMed
3.7field-weighted citation impact, top 7% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

35 citing papers in PubMed, 79 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Prolonged systemic inflammation worsens impairments to astrocyte CaAlzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026
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  4. Hyperintense Signals in Cerebral Blood Flow Maps of Mice Acquired with Pseudo-continuous Arterial Spin Labeling MR Imaging.Magnetic resonance in medical sciences : MRMS : an official journal of Japan Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine · 2026
    Article
  5. Prolonged systemic inflammation worsens impairments to astrocyte CabioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.

Sitara B SankarWallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, USA; Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, USA.
Alyssa F PybusWallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, USA; Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, USA.
Amanda LiewWallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, USA.
Bharat SandersWallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, USA.
Kajol J ShahWallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, USA.
Levi B WoodWallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, USA; Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, USA; George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, USA. Electronic address: levi.wood@me.gatech.edu.
Erin M BuckleyWallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, USA; Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Emory University, USA. Electronic address: erin.buckley@emory.edu.
The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering · USEmory University · USGeorgia Institute of Technology · USParker Hannifin (United States) · US

Funding

Research Training Program Plan on Cell and Tissue Engineering (CTEng)T32GM008433 · NIGMS · GEORGIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY · PI GARCIA, ANDRES J · 1991 to 2021
$7.1M
Objective biomarkers of cognitive outcome in repetitive mild traumatic brain injuryR21NS104801 · NINDS · EMORY UNIVERSITY · PI BUCKLEY, ERIN MCGUIRE · 2018 to 2019
$425k
NIGMS NIH HHS T32 GM008433NINDS NIH HHS R21 NS104801
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Previous work has shown that non-invasive optical measurement of low cerebral blood flow (CBF) is an acute biomarker of poor long-term cognitive outcome after repetitive mild traumatic brain injury (rmTBI). Herein, we explore the relationship between acute cerebral blood flow and underlying neuroinflammation. Specifically, because neuroinflammation is a driver of secondary injury after TBI, we hypothesized that both glial activation and inflammatory signaling are associated with acute CBF and, by extension, with long-term cognitive outcome after rmTBI. To test this hypothesis, cortical CBF was non-invasively measured in anesthetized mice 4 h after 3 repetitive closed head injuries spaced once-daily, at which time brains were collected. Right hemispheres were fixed for immunohistochemical staining for glial activation markers Iba1 and GFAP while left hemispheres were used to quantify Iba1 and GFAP expression via Western blot as well as 32 cytokines and 21 phospho-proteins in the MAPK, PI3K/Akt, and NF-κB pathways using a Luminex multiplexed immunoassay. N = 8/7 injured/sham C57/black-6 adult male mice were studied. Within the injured group, CBF inversely correlated with Iba1 expression (R = -0.86, p < .01). Further, partial least squares regression analysis revealed significant correlations between CBF and expression of multiple pro-inflammatory cytokines, including RANTES and IL-17. Finally, within the injured group, phosphorylation of specific signals in the MAPK and NF-κB intracellular signaling pathways (e.g., p38 MAPK and NF-κB) were significantly positively correlated with Iba1. In total, our data indicate that acute cerebral blood flow after rmTBI is a biomarker of underlying neuroinflammatory pathology.

Indexed as

AnimalsBrainBrain ConcussionCerebrovascular CirculationInflammationMaleMiceMice, Inbred C57BLCerebral blood flowCytokinesKinase signalingMild traumatic brain injuryNeuroinflammation

Identifiers

PMID30592976
PMCPMC6528169
OpenAlexW2906280240

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.