ArticleBone reports2018
Vitamin D deficiency in immigrants.
Article in Bone reports, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 20 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- Meta-Analysis of European Clinical Trials Characterizing the Healthy-Adult Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D Response to Vitamin D Supplementation.Nutrients · 2023Pooled it
- Prediction models and questionnaires developed to predict vitamin D status in adults: a systematic review.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2020Pooled it
- The association of serum D-vitamin concentration with 10-year cardiovascular disease event risk among Russian, Somali, and Kurdish origin migrants and the general Finnish population.Journal of public health research · 2025Article
- Glucose regulation and association with Vitamin D and parathyroid hormone - differences across Middle Eastern and Caucasian ethnicities.Journal of diabetes and metabolic disorders · 2025Article
- Strengthening Tuberculosis Control Among Migrant Workers.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2024Article
- Morphological changes and their associations with clinical parameters in children with nephropathic cystinosis and chronic kidney disease prior to kidney replacement therapy over 25 years.Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2024Article
- Chest configuration in children and adolescents with infantile nephropathic cystinosis compared with other chronic kidney disease entities and its clinical determinants.Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2023Article
- Travel-Related Diagnoses Among U.S. Nonmigrant Travelers or Migrants Presenting to U.S. GeoSentinel Sites - GeoSentinel Network, 2012-2021.Morbidity and mortality weekly report. Surveillance summaries (Washington, D.C. : 2002) · 2023Article
- Nutritional and health status of adult Syrian refugees in the early years of asylum in Germany: a cross-sectional pilot study.BMC public health · 2022Article
- Migrating Populations and Health: Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease and Metabolic Syndrome.Current hypertension reports · 2022Review
- Vitamin D food fortification in European countries: the underused potential to prevent cancer deaths.European journal of epidemiology · 2022Review
- Severe hypovitaminosis D in pregnant refugees arriving in Europe: neonatal outcomes and importance of prenatal intervention.Endocrine connections · 2022Article
- Article
- Prenatal Vitamin D Levels in Maternal Sera and Offspring Specific Learning Disorders.Nutrients · 2021Article
- A High Prevalence of Vitamin D Deficiency Observed in an Irish South East Asian Population: A Cross-Sectional Observation Study.Nutrients · 2020Article
- Understanding Covid and the associated post-infectious hyper-inflammatory state (PIMS-TS) in children.Medical hypotheses · 2020Article
- Prevalence and determinants of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency among three immigrant groups in Finland: evidence from a population-based study using standardised 25-hydroxyvitamin D data.Public health nutrition · 2020Article
- Vitamin D and cardio-metabolic biomarkers: small-scale comparative study between Libyan migrants and resident women in Serbia.The Libyan journal of medicine · 2019Article
- Pigment genes not skin pigmentation affect UVB-induced vitamin D.Photochemical & photobiological sciences : Official journal of the European Photochemistry Association and the European Society for Photobiology · 2019Article
- Vitamin D and bone and beyond.Bone reports · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency and rickets are more common in non-western immigrants and refugees than in the native population. Severe vitamin D deficiency (serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D <25 nmol/l) may occur in up to 50% of children and adults of non-western origin. They are not used to sunshine exposure due to the often excessive sunshine in the country of origin. They usually have a more pigmented skin. Non-western immigrants and refugees often wear skin-covering clothes due to religious or cultural tradition. The food contains little vitamin D with the exception of fatty fish. In addition, many immigrants have a low calcium intake. Complaints may include fatigue, pain in shoulders, ribs, lower back and thighs. Neonates and young children may have spasms and convulsions due to hypocalcemia. Older children and adolescents may have bone pain, muscle weakness and skeletal deformities. Widening of the wrist, chest deformities and bowing of the legs may occur, and longitudinal growth is delayed. In adults, muscle weakness and bone pain are predominant. Laboratory examination may show hypocalcemia and hypophosphatemia and elevated alkaline phosphatase. The serum 25(OH)D is below 25 nmol/l in case of severe vitamin D deficiency with symptoms. Impaired 25-hydroxylation or 1α-hydroxylation may occur in case of severe liver or renal disease or by genetic causes. Radiographs of wrists or knees may show widening of the growth plates and cupping of radius and ulna may confirm the diagnosis. In adolescents and adults, radiographs of painful bones may show pseudofractures or Looser zones. Rickets and osteomalacia are treated by vitamin D3 2000 IU/d in infants, 3000-6000 IU/d in older children in combination with calcium 500 mg /d. In osteomalacia, the adult vitamin D3 dose is 2000-3000 IU/d, combined with calcium 1000-2000 mg/d. Prevention of vitamin D deficiency can be done with vitamin D3 400-800 IU/d, depending on age. Nutritional measures include fortification of milk or other foods.
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