ArticleBehavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland)2018
Stress and Heart Rate Variability during University Final Examination among Lebanese Students.
Article in Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland), 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 49 citations in OpenAlex.
- Wearable Biosensor Technology in Education: A Systematic Review.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Pooled it
- The Brain, Body, and Behavior Dataset (BBBD): Multimodal Recordings during Educational Videos.Scientific data · 2026Article
- Effects of a brief resonance frequency breathing intervention on heart rate variability and perceived stress in postgraduate students: a pilot and feasibility study.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- Tactile and olfactory stimulation reduce anxiety and enhance autonomic balance: a multisensory approach for healthcare settings.BMC psychology · 2025Article
- Quantifying Mental Stress Using Cardiovascular Responses: A Scoping Review.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- The effects of formulated palmitoylethanolamide supplementation on indicators of stress and heart rate variability in female university students: a randomised cross-over trial.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- Can heart rate sequences from wearable devices predict day-long mental states in higher education students: a signal processing and machine learning case study at a UK university.Brain informatics · 2024Article
- Features of Changes in Heart Rate Variability among Medical Students during the Education Process.Iranian journal of public health · 2024Article
- Quran memorisation and heart rate variability: How do they correlate?World journal of clinical cases · 2024Article
- Anxiety and heart rate in a real-life class test in undergraduates choosing real-time or prerecorded oral presentations.Biologia futura · 2024Article
- Physiological Signal Analysis and Stress Classification from VR Simulations Using Decision Tree Methods.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Nursing students' perceived anxiety and heart rate variability in mock skill competency assessment.PloS one · 2023Article
- Effect of Lower- versus Higher-Intensity Isometric Handgrip Training in Adults with Hypertension: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Journal of cardiovascular development and disease · 2022Article
- Article
- fNIRS-based functional connectivity estimation using semi-metric analysis to study decision making by nursing students and registered nurses.Scientific reports · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Real-life stressors, such as university examination, cause an increase in sympathetic activity of the nervous system innervating the heart, and thus an increase in heart rate (HR). Our study aimed to detect changes in heart rate variability (HRV) during different stages of an exam in a group of 90 healthy university students (30 males and 60 females), over 4 h of monitoring divided into 1 h before, 2 h during, and 1 h after the examination. HRV was significantly highest after the exam, indicating release from stress, as compared to before and during the examination when stress was observable. Undergraduate students in different academic years did not differ in terms of stress, indicating the absence of adaptation to exam procedures. However, HR and R-R interval after the exam showed significant difference between first year undergraduate studies and first year of a graduate program, indicating a higher degree of confidence in graduate students. Results also suggest that HRV in females is significantly lower than that in males before and after examination, despite men having greater sympathetic input. In conclusion, the results of our novel study assessing stress in real-time examination show important gender differences, and lack of adaptation with academic study year.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.