SynthesisJournal of the American Heart Association2019
Sex Differences in Severity of Stroke in the INSTRUCT Study: a Meta-Analysis of Individual Participant Data.
Synthesis in Journal of the American Heart Association, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Pooled it
- Sex Differences in Severity of Stroke in the INSTRUCT Study: a Meta-Analysis of Individual Participant Data.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2019Pooled it
- Sex Difference in the Impact of Dual Antiplatelet Therapy using Cilostazol for Secondary Stroke Prevention: A Sub-Analysis of CSPS.com.Journal of atherosclerosis and thrombosis · 2023Trial
- Sex Differences in Young Adult Stroke Severity Using Linked Colorado-All Payer's Claims Database and the Get With The Guidelines-Stroke Registry.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2026Article
- Sex and gender-related differences in neurological diseases: current challenges and recommendations for clinical practice.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2026Review
- Sex differences in cerebral infarction in Norway: Analysis of data from the Norwegian Stroke Registry 2018-2022.European stroke journal · 2026Article
- Sex-related differences in the applicability and performance of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment in the acute phase of stroke.European stroke journal · 2026Article
- Biological sex-dependent differences in acute and post-acute stroke care-a population-based case-control study.European stroke journal · 2026Article
- Sex Differences in Stroke Risk Factors and Mechanisms in a Multi-Ethnic Asian Population.Journal of cardiovascular development and disease · 2025Article
- No sex difference in the association of pre-stroke physical activity with functional independence after ischemic stroke.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Sex Differences in Embolic Stroke of Undetermined Source: Echocardiographic Features and Clinical Outcomes.European journal of neurology · 2025Observational
- Sex Differences in the Participation in Secondary Prevention Stroke Studies.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2025Article
- Diverging Trends in Survival and Functional Outcome between Males and Females after Intracerebral Hemorrhage.Neuroepidemiology · 2025Observational
- Sex differences in Wake-Up Stroke patients characteristics and outcomes.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2024Article
- Health Factors Associated With Development and Severity of Poststroke Dysphagia: An Epidemiological Investigation.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2024Article
- Sex differences in patterns of white matter neuroplasticity after balance training in young adults.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2024Article
- Females exhibit smaller volumes of brain activation and lower inter-subject variability during motor tasks.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- The machine learning methods to analyze the using strategy of antiplatelet drugs in ischaemic stroke patients with gastrointestinal haemorrhage.BMC neurology · 2023Article
- Article
- The Impact of Post-Stroke Depressive Symptoms on Cognitive Performance in Women and in Men: A 4 Month Prospective Study.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
15 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Background Women have worse outcomes after stroke than men, and this may be partly explained by stroke severity. We examined factors contributing to sex differences in severity of acute stroke assessed by the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale. Methods and Results We pooled individual participant data with National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale assessment (N=6343) from 8 population-based stroke incidence studies (1996-2014), forming part of INSTRUCT (International Stroke Outcomes Study). Information on sociodemographics, stroke-related clinical factors, comorbidities, and pre-stroke function were obtained. Within each study, relative risk regression using log-binominal modeling was used to estimate the female:male relative risk ( RR ) of more severe stroke (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale>7) stratified by stroke type (ischemic stroke and intracerebral hemorrhage). Study-specific unadjusted and adjusted RR s, controlling for confounding variables, were pooled using random-effects meta-analysis. National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale data were recorded in 5326 (96%) of 5570 cases with ischemic stroke and 773 (90%) of 855 participants with intracerebral hemorrhage. The pooled unadjusted female:male RR for severe ischemic stroke was 1.35 (95% CI 1.24-1.46). The sex difference in severity was attenuated after adjustment for age, pre-stroke dependency, and atrial fibrillation but remained statistically significant (pooled RR
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