ArticleClinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America2019
Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Vaccine Effectiveness and Potential Herd Immunity for Reducing Oncogenic Oropharyngeal HPV-16 Prevalence in the United Kingdom: A Cross-sectional Study.
Article in Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 56 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination programmes on community rates of HPV-related disease and harms from vaccination.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2025Pooled it
- The Effect of Prophylactic HPV Vaccines on Oral and Oropharyngeal HPV Infection-A Systematic Review.Viruses · 2021Pooled it
- A Contemporary Systematic Review on Repartition of HPV-Positivity in Oropharyngeal Cancer Worldwide.Viruses · 2021Pooled it
- Oral HPV and Dental Profiles in Mothers and Youth with or without HIV.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- HPV-specific innovations and controversies in therapeutic strategies for HPV-associated oropharyngeal carcinoma.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- HPV-driven cancer: from epidemiology to the HPV-driven tumor board proposal, everything you wanted to know but were afraid to ask.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2025Review
- Prognostic analysis of inconsistent combinations of HPV and p16 in a Chinese/Asian oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma population.Infectious agents and cancer · 2025Article
- HPV Infection and Oral Microbiota: Interactions and Future Implications.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Cost-effectiveness analysis of HPV vaccination for the prevention of oropharyngeal cancer in Chinese adolescent males.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Multinational epidemiological analysis of oral human papillomavirus incidence in 3,137 men.Nature microbiology · 2024Observational
- Risk factors associated with oral Human Papillomavirus (HPV) prevalence within a young adult population.BMC public health · 2024Observational
- Testing for Human Papillomaviruses in Urine, Blood, and Oral Specimens: an Update for the Laboratory.Journal of clinical microbiology · 2023Review
- Review
- HPV pathogenesis, various types of vaccines, safety concern, prophylactic and therapeutic applications to control cervical cancer, and future perspective.Virusdisease · 2023Review
- Review
- HPV vaccine intention among university students during suspension of active recommendation in Japan.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2022Article
- Prevalence of Human Papillomavirus in the Oropharynx of Healthy Individuals in an Italian Population.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
- Is There an Interplay between Oral Microbiome, Head and Neck Carcinoma and Radiation-Induced Oral Mucositis?Cancers · 2021Review
- Sequential acquisition of human papillomavirus infection between genital and oral anatomic sites in males.International journal of cancer · 2021Article
- Observational
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
15 authors at 7 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundOropharyngeal cancer incidence is rapidly rising due to human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16 infection. The dearth of data on effectiveness of national female-only vaccination programs in preventing oral HPV infection and potential herd immunity in unvaccinated males has resulted in considerable controversy regarding the need to vaccinate males, especially in countries with high female vaccination coverage.
methodsSubjects aged 0-65 years undergoing tonsillectomy for nonmalignant indications were recruited in 6 hospitals in the United Kingdom. Oral samples were collected as follows: oral rinse, tongue base, and pharyngeal wall brushes, then tonsil tissue (tonsillectomy). Vaccination data were obtained from regional health authorities. All samples were centrally tested for HPV DNA by polymerase chain reaction.
resultsOf 940 subjects, 243 females and 69 males were aged 12-24 years (median age, 18.6 years), with 189 (78%) females and no males vaccinated against HPV. Overall, oropharyngeal HPV-16 prevalence was significantly lower in vaccinated versus unvaccinated females (0.5% vs 5.6%, P = .04). In contrast, prevalence of any oropharyngeal HPV type was similar in vaccinated and unvaccinated females (19% vs 20%, P = .76). Oropharyngeal HPV-16 prevalence in unvaccinated males was similar to vaccinated females (0% vs 0.5%, P > .99), and lower than unvaccinated females (0% vs 5.6%, P = .08).
conclusionsOur findings indicate that the UK female-only vaccination program is associated with significant reductions in oropharyngeal HPV-16 infections. These are also the first data to suggest potential herd immunity from female-only vaccination against oropharyngeal HPV infection in contemporaneously aged males.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.