ArticleCerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)2019
Direct Evidence for Prediction Signals in Frontal Cortex Independent of Prediction Error.
Article in Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991), 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed.
- Differential roles of frontoparietal regions in working memory and decision-making.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Behavioral engagement and stimulus regularities coordinate auditory-prefrontal network activity.PLoS biology · 2026Article
- Neural mechanisms of time-forward predictions for naturalistic auditory tone sequences.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Propagation of Prediction Signals Revealed by Synchronous Oscillations in the Frontotemporal Network During Tone Omission in Macaque Monkeys.The European journal of neuroscience · 2025Article
- Predictive encoding of auditory sequences in the human prefrontal cortex.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Direct brain recordings reveal implicit encoding of structure in random auditory streams.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Distinguishing expectation and attention effects in processing temporal patterns of visual input.Brain and cognition · 2024Article
- Speech Prosody Serves Temporal Prediction of Language via Contextual Entrainment.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2024Article
- Temporal recalibration in response to delayed visual feedback of active versus passive actions: an fMRI study.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Predictable and unpredictable deviance detection in the human hippocampus and amygdala.Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) · 2024Article
- A model of time-varying music engagement.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2024Review
- Ramping dynamics and theta oscillations reflect dissociable signatures during rule-guided human behavior.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Prediction during language comprehension: what is next?Trends in cognitive sciences · 2023Review
- Electrophysiological differences and similarities in audiovisual speech processing in CI users with unilateral and bilateral hearing loss.Current research in neurobiology · 2022Article
- The encoding of stochastic regularities is facilitated by action-effect predictions.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Correlated Brain Indexes of Semantic Prediction and Prediction Error: Brain Localization and Category Specificity.Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) · 2021Article
- Learning to predict: Neuronal signatures of auditory expectancy in human event-related potentials.NeuroImage · 2021Article
- Top-Down Attentional Modulation in Human Frontal Cortex: Differential Engagement during External and Internal Attention.Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) · 2021Article
- Automatic Sensory Predictions: A Review of Predictive Mechanisms in the Brain and Their Link to Conscious Processing.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2021Review
- Insights into human cognition from intracranial EEG: A review of audition, memory, internal cognition, and causality.Journal of neural engineering · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Predictive coding (PC) has been suggested as one of the main mechanisms used by brains to interact with complex environments. PC theories posit top-down prediction signals, which are compared with actual outcomes, yielding in turn prediction error (PE) signals, which are used, bottom-up, to modify the ensuing predictions. However, disentangling prediction from PE signals has been challenging. Critically, while many studies found indirect evidence for PC in the form of PE signals, direct evidence for the prediction signal is mostly lacking. Here, we provide clear evidence, obtained from intracranial cortical recordings in human surgical patients, that the human lateral prefrontal cortex evinces prediction signals while anticipating an event. Patients listened to task-irrelevant sequences of repetitive tones including infrequent predictable or unpredictable pitch deviants. The broadband high-frequency amplitude (HFA) was decreased prior to the onset of expected relative to unexpected deviants in the frontal cortex only, and its amplitude was sensitive to the increasing likelihood of deviants following longer trains of standards in the unpredictable condition. Single-trial HFA predicted deviations and correlated with poststimulus response to deviations. These results provide direct evidence for frontal cortex prediction signals independent of PE signals.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.