ArticlePloS one2018
Ischemia-reperfusion injury in a rat microvascular skin free flap model: A histological, genetic, and blood flow study.
Article in PloS one, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05327348 (The Efficacy of Perioperative Parenteral Ascorbic Acid in Reducing Oxidative Stress Among Patients Undergoing Free Flap Reconstructive Surgery), which is not on this map. Cited by 30 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The Efficacy of Perioperative Parenteral Ascorbic Acid in Reducing Oxidative Stress Among Patients Undergoing Free Flap Reconstructive Surgery: A Prospective Multicenter Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial
Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 64 citations in OpenAlex.
- Surgical and demographic predictors of free flap salvage after takeback: A systematic review.Microsurgery · 2023Pooled it
- The Effects of Remote Ischemic Preconditioning on the Inflammatory Cytokine Response to Free Flap Head and Neck Reconstruction: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Microsurgery · 2026Trial
- Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Free Flaps: Molecular Mechanisms and Protective Effects of Remote Ischemic Preconditioning.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2025Trial
- Microsurgical robotic system enables the performance of microvascular anastomoses: a randomized in vivo preclinical trial.Scientific reports · 2023Trial
- Exploring Sexual Dimorphism and Genetic Variability in Cutaneous Microhemodynamics in BALB/c, C57BL/6J, and KM Mice.Journal of vascular research · 2026Article
- Research progress in flap temperature monitoring technologies and applications after transplantation.APL bioengineering · 2026Review
- Regenerative Approach for Improving Flap Survival: Perspective of Angiogenesis.Biomimetics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Tissue perfusion and its influencing factors in epigastrial adipocutanous flaps affected by ischemia-reperfusion in rats.Acta cirurgica brasileira · 2026Article
- Effect of Hexagonal Boron Nitrides Injection on the Survival of Dorsal Pedicle Skin Flap in Rats: An Experimental Study.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- A Boron-Based Topical Strategy for Enhancing Flap Survival: Mechanistic Insights Through Proteomic Analysis.Biomimetics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- An innovative ischemic diabetic flap model for chronic wound research.BMC surgery · 2025Article
- Efficacy of Batroxobin on Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Epigastric Artery Island Flaps in Rats.Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open · 2025Article
- Following-Up Micro-Rheological and Microcirculatory Alterations During the Early Wound Healing Phase of Local and Rotated Musculocutaneous Flaps in Rats.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Impacts of PACAP 1-38 and BGP-15 on the Healing of Fasciocutaneous Groin Flaps Affected by Ischemia-Reperfusion in Rats.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- Bionic nanovesicles sequentially treat flaps with different durations of ischemia by thrombolysis and prevention of ischemia-reperfusion injury.Materials today. Bio · 2025Article
- Red and blue LED light increases the survival rate of random skin flaps in rats after MRSA infection.Lasers in medical science · 2025Article
- A refined experimental model for local, interpolated flap, and free tissue transfer studies using musculus cutaneus maximus-based musculocutaneous flap in the rat.Acta cirurgica brasileira · 2025Article
- Caffeic acid-vanadium nanozymes treat skin flap ischemia-reperfusion injury through macrophage reprogramming and the upregulation of X-linked inhibitors of apoptotic proteins.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2025Article
- The rat as an animal model in chronic wound research: An update.Life sciences · 2024Review
- Hypoxic mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes promote the survival of skin flaps after ischaemia-reperfusion injury via mTOR/ULK1/FUNDC1 pathways.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Ischemia reperfusion injury is associated with tissue damage and inflammation, and is one of the main factors causing flap failure in reconstructive microsurgery. Although ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is a well-studied aspect of flap survival, its biological mechanisms remain to be elucidated. To better understand the biological processes of ischemia reperfusion injury, and to develop further therapeutic strategies, the main objective of this study was to identify the gene expression pattern and histological changes in an I/R injury animal model. Fourteen rats (n = 7/group) were randomly divided into control or ischemia-reperfusion group (8 hours of ischemia). Microsurgical anastomoses were objectively assessed using transit-time-ultrasound technology. Seven days after surgery, flap survival was evaluated and tissue samples were harvested for anatomopathological and gene-expression analyses.The I/R injury reduced the survival of free flaps and histological analyses revealed a subcutaneous edema together with an inflammatory infiltrate. Interestingly, the Arginase 1 expression level as well as the ratio of Arginase 1/Nitric oxide synthase 2 showed a significant increase in the I/R group. In summary, here we describe a well-characterized I/R animal model that may serve to evaluate therapeutic agents under reproducible and controlled conditions. Moreover, this model could be especially useful for the evaluation of arginase inhibitors and different compounds of potential interest in reconstructive microsurgery.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.