ArticleInternational journal of women's health2019
An educational intervention based on the extended parallel process model to improve attitude, behavioral intention, and early breast cancer diagnosis: a randomized trial.
Article in International journal of women's health, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- A systematic review of public health interventions to address breast cancer inequalities in low- and middle-income countries.Systematic reviews · 2024Pooled it
- Pooled it
- A systematic review of global health capacity building initiatives in low-to middle-income countries in the Middle East and North Africa region.Globalization and health · 2020Pooled it
- Effect of an educational intervention using the extended parallel process model on preventive lifestyle for metabolic syndrome among Iranian employees.Scientific reports · 2025Trial
- Recommending Breast Cancer Screening to My Mum: Examining the Interplay of Threat, Efficacy, and Virality on Recommendation Intention in the Chinese Context.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Trial
- Design and evaluation of two educational media in the form of animation and games to promote the cutaneous leishmaniasis prevention behaviors in adolescent female.BMC public health · 2022Trial
- Educational intervention based on the Extended Parallel Process Model in promoting preventive behaviors of arteriosclerosis in female high-school students.Journal of education and health promotion · 2025Article
- Perceived risk and protective behaviors related to COVID-19 among the Nigerian general population: An application of the extended parallel process model.Scientific African · 2022Article
- Study of Diagnostic Delay among Symptomatic Breast Cancer Patients in Northern India: A Mixed-Methods Analysis from a Dedicated Breast Cancer Centre.Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP · 2022Article
- Status of breast cancer screening strategies and indicators in Iran: A scoping review.Journal of research in medical sciences : the official journal of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences · 2022Article
- A Self-Guided Lifestyle Intervention for Young Men: Findings from the ACTIVATE Randomized Pilot Trial.Journal of men's health · 2022Article
- Extended parallel process model (EPPM) in evaluating lung Cancer risk perception among older smokers.BMC public health · 2021Article
- Psychological predictors of intention and avoidance of attending organized mammography screening in Norway: applying the Extended Parallel Process Model.BMC women's health · 2021Article
- Educational interventions on breast cancer in men and women: a necessity in primary healthcare.Ecancermedicalscience · 2021Review
- Disease Prevention Behavior During the COVID-19 Pandemic and the Role of Self-Esteem: An Extended Parallel Process Model.Psychology research and behavior management · 2021Article
- Development and psychometric evaluation of waste separation beliefs and behaviors scale among female students of medical sciences university based on the extended parallel process model.Environmental health and preventive medicine · 2020Article
- Facilitating Factors and Barriers of Women's Cancer Screening in Iran: A Systematic Review.International journal of preventive medicine · 2020Review
- First Attempts of the Use ofMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Breast cancer is an important public health problem worldwide. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of an educational intervention based on fear appeals using the extended parallel process model (EPPM) to improve attitudes, intention, and early breast cancer diagnosis in Iranian women. Methods: This was a cluster-randomized trial conducted in Tehran, Iran. A sample of women 40 years old and above was recruited and assigned either to intervention group or to control group. The intervention group received two pamphlets containing fear appeals specially designed for this study using the EPPM. The control group received nothing. The primary outcomes were changes in attitude, behavioral intention, and early breast cancer diagnosis. Participants responded to a questionnaire before intervention and at 3 months follow-up assessments. Independent Result: In all, 600 women were entered into the study (277 in the intervention group and 323 in the control group). Of these, 162 were lost to follow-up assessment. Thus, the analysis was restricted to those for whom both baseline and follow-up information was available (n=438). The mean age of participants was 53.2 (SD=9.45) years, and the mean year education of participants was 9.4 (SD=4.12) years. There were no significant differences between two groups regarding demographic variables. However, comparing outcome variables (attitude, intention, and early breast cancer diagnosis) at baseline and follow-up assessments, we found that the intervention group showed significant improvements in attitude and intention ( Conclusion: The findings showed that fear appeals could not influence early breast cancer diagnosis among women. However, significant changes were observed for attitude and behavioral intention.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.