Trial reportNutrients2018
Metabolizable Energy from Cashew Nuts is Less than that Predicted by Atwater Factors.
Trial report in Nutrients, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Digestible and Metabolizable Energy Intake in Humans: a Systematic Review.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2026Pooled it
- The Metabolizable Energy and Lipid Bioaccessibility of Tree Nuts and Peanuts: A Systematic Review with Narrative Synthesis of Human and In Vitro Studies.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2023Pooled it
- Are fatty nuts a weighty concern? A systematic review and meta-analysis and dose-response meta-regression of prospective cohorts and randomized controlled trials.Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2021Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Metabolizable Energy Value of Chickpeas and Lentils in the Human Diet: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Nutrients · 2025Trial
- Early time-restricted eating improves markers of cardiometabolic health but has no impact on intestinal nutrient absorption in healthy adults.Cell reports. Medicine · 2024Trial
- Effects of mixed nut consumption on LDL cholesterol, lipoprotein(a), and other cardiometabolic risk factors in overweight and obese adults.Nutrition, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases : NMCD · 2023Trial
- Macadamia nut effects on cardiometabolic risk factors: a randomised trial.Journal of nutritional science · 2023Trial
- Acute consumption of a shake containing cashew and Brazil nuts did not affect appetite in overweight subjects: a randomized, cross-over study.European journal of nutrition · 2021Trial
- Is a Handful an Effective Way to Guide Nut Recommendations?International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Trial
- Changes in body weight in response to pecan-enriched diets with and without substitution instructions: a randomised, controlled trial.Journal of nutritional scienceTrial
- A conceptual framework integrating mechanisms linking nut consumption and energy balance.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Review
- Improved Recognition of the Nutrition and Health Benefits of Nuts and Seeds Within the Health Star Rating System.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Association of Tree Nut Consumption with Cardiovascular Disease and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors and Health Outcomes in US Adults: NHANES 2011-2018.Current developments in nutrition · 2023Article
- Effect of Nuts on Gastrointestinal Health.Nutrients · 2023Review
- Nuts, Energy Balance and Body Weight.Nutrients · 2023Review
- The impact of caloric availability on eating behavior and ultra-processed food reward.Appetite · 2022Article
- A Slight Adjustment of the Nutri-Score Nutrient Profiling System Could Help to Better Reflect the European Dietary Guidelines Regarding Nuts.Nutrients · 2022Article
- Barriers and Facilitators to Nut Consumption: A Narrative Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Review
- Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated that the energy provided by several tree nuts is less than that predicted by the Atwater factors, though energy available from cashews has never been assessed. The objective of this study was to evaluate the metabolizable energy in cashew nuts. Eighteen healthy adults were enrolled in a randomized, crossover study with two treatment periods. Subjects were fed a fully controlled base diet for 4 weeks with either no additions or with the addition of 42 g/day (1.5 servings) of cashew nuts, with the final treatment diets being isocaloric. Complete diet collections were analyzed for nitrogen (for protein), fat, energy, and carbohydrate by difference. During the final week of each intervention phase, subjects collected all feces and urine produced, and these were also analyzed for nitrogen (feces and urine), energy (feces and urine), and fat (feces). The resulting data were used to calculate the metabolizable energy of cashews and the digestibility of macronutrients. The average available energy (calorie) content of a 28 g serving of cashew nuts was 137 kcal (±3.4 kcal SEM) and ranged from 105 to 151 kcal. The mean value of 137 kcal/serving is 16% lower (
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.