ArticleUltrasound in medicine & biology2019
Transdermal Delivery of Enfuvirtide in a Porcine Model Using a Low-Frequency, Low-Power Ultrasound Transducer Patch.
Article in Ultrasound in medicine & biology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- Advances in the transdermal delivery of antiretroviral drugs.SAGE open medicine · 2024Review
- Novel Antiretroviral Therapeutic Strategies for HIV.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Discovery of New Fusion Inhibitor Peptides against SARS-CoV-2 by Targeting the Spike S2 Subunit.Biomolecules & therapeutics · 2021Article
- Control of the Transdermal Delivery Process of Active Substances of the Phytocomplex during Phonophoresis in Model Experiments.Open access Macedonian journal of medical sciences · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Ultrasound-mediated transdermal delivery is a promising parenteral administration method for large-molecule or unstable medications. This study evaluated skin health and systemic delivery when administering enfuvirtide, an injectable anti-retroviral medication, over a 1-mo period in a porcine model using a low-frequency cymbal transducer. Three groups received twice-daily treatments: (i) enfuvirtide injection control (n = 12); (ii) saline ultrasound control (n = 6); and (iii) enfuvirtide ultrasound treatment (n = 13). Ultrasound parameters were as follows: 30-min exposure, 90 mW/cm², 24-26 kHz and 15% duty cycle. No statistical difference in trans-epidermal water loss, a measure of skin health and function, was seen between ultrasound-treated and control skin sites for either saline (p = 0.50) or enfuvirtide (p = 0.29) groups. Average trough plasma concentrations of enfuvirtide were 0.6 ± 0.2 and 2.8 ± 0.8 μg/mL for ultrasound and injection, respectively. Tolerability and efficacy results indicate that chronic, low-frequency ultrasound exposure can be a practical means for transdermal delivery of medications such as enfuvirtide.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.