ReviewInternational journal of environmental research and public health2018
Drivers of Irrational Use of Antibiotics in Europe.
Review in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 193 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Antibiotic Regimen for Patients Seeking Dental Implants Procedures
Change in the Proportion of Correct Interpretations of Pulmonary Opacities by General Practitioners Using an Expert System
Who cites it
193 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Non-prescription antibiotic use and its predictors among children in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Italian journal of pediatrics · 2024Pooled it
- The effect of vitamin D supplementation on antibiotic use: a meta-analysis based on randomized controlled trials.Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Pooled it
- Environmental Risk Factors, Protective Factors, and Biomarkers for Allergic Rhinitis: A Systematic Umbrella Review of the Evidence.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2023Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Reassessment of Historical Clinical Trials Supports the Effectiveness of Phage Therapy.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2022Pooled it
- Antibiotic use in ambulatory care for acutely ill children in high-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Archives of disease in childhood · 2022Pooled it
- Antibiotic prescription practices in primary care in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PLoS medicine · 2020Pooled it
- The potential immunological mechanisms of gut microbiota dysbiosis caused by antibiotics exacerbate the lethality of influenza viruses.Gut microbes · 2026Article
- Computer-Aided Identification and Molecular Interaction Analyses of Annona muricata Acetogenins Against LuxS.Biotechnology and applied biochemistry · 2026Article
- Observational
- Mapping the landscape of mathematical models for antimicrobial resistance: a scoping review.BMC public health · 2026Article
- ReGAIN: a bioinformatics platform for assessing probabilistic co-occurrence between resistance genes in bacterial pathogens.Bioinformatics (Oxford, England) · 2026Article
- Review
- Knowledge and Perception of Pharmacy Interns in Ghana on Antimicrobial Use, Resistance, and Stewardship: A Cross-Sectional Study.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Knowledge, Attitudes, and Antibiotic Prescribing Practices Among Physicians in Two High-Demand Healthcare Settings in Saudi Arabia.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Trust in Healthcare Providers Among American Indians in the Midwest.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026Article
- Article
- Determinants of antibiotics misuse and overuse in high-risk countries in the European region: a multidisciplinary Delphi study.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2026Article
- Substandard and Falsified Antibiotics Seized in Belgium: Quality Control Analysis Reveals High Prevalence of WHO Watch List Molecules and Bioavailability Non-Compliance.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- The Invisible Excess: Too Long Antibiotic Duration in the Pediatric Emergency Care.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
133 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The unnecessary use of antibiotics and concomitant rapid growth of antibiotic resistance (ABR) is a widely acknowledged threat to global health, development, and sustainability. While the underlying cause of ABR is undoubtedly the overall volume of antibiotic use in general, irrational antibiotic use, which is influenced by several interrelated factors, is a major contributory factor. Here, we aimed to present and describe selected main drivers of irrational use of antibiotics in Europe. We performed a broad search of the current literature in databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, Cochrane, as well as various institutional websites (World Health Organization, European Observatory, European Commission) to provide a new perspective on selected drivers of irrational antibiotic use in Europe. We also searched for relevant literature using snowballing, i.e., using reference lists of papers to identify additional papers. In this narrative review, we present that major factors among the general public driving antibiotic resistance are lack of public knowledge and awareness, access to antibiotics without prescription and leftover antibiotics, and knowledge attitude and perception of prescribers and dispensers, inadequate medical training, pharmaceutical promotion, lack of rapid and sufficient diagnostic tests, and patient⁻doctor interaction as major factors among healthcare providers. We further discuss initiatives that, if taken and implemented, can have an impact on and improve the current situation in Europe.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.