ArticleAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland)2018
Interventions to Reduce Antibiotic Prescribing in LMICs: A Scoping Review of Evidence from Human and Animal Health Systems.
Article in Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland), 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 76 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
76 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Barriers and facilitators of implementing interventions to improve appropriate antibiotic use in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review based on the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research.Implementation science : IS · 2022Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Improving antibiotic use through behaviour change: a systematic review of interventions evaluated in low- and middle-income countries.Health policy and planning · 2021Pooled it
- Behavioural interventions to address rational use of antibiotics in outpatient settings of low-income and lower-middle-income countries.Tropical medicine & international health : TM & IH · 2021Pooled it
- Utility of broad-spectrum antibiotics for diagnosing pulmonary tuberculosis in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.The Lancet. Infectious diseases · 2020Pooled it
- Impact of national interventions to promote responsible antibiotic use: a systematic review.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2020Pooled it
- A Systematic Review on Evaluation of WHO Core Prescribing Indicators Across Healthcare Facilities in Low Resource Asian Setting: A Case of Nepal.Inquiry : a journal of medical care organization, provision and financingPooled it
- Protocol for a stepped wedge randomized controlled trial to optimize antibiotics prescription in Nepal.Contemporary clinical trials communications · 2026Article
- Antibiotic prescribing practices of community health extension workers in East Central Uganda: an exploratory qualitative study.BMJ open · 2026Article
- Public awareness and knowledge of antibiotic use and antimicrobial resistance in Malta.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Landscape Analysis of Existing Policies, Laws and Regulations on Antimicrobial Stewardship in 10 Low- and Middle-Income Countries.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Antibiotic dispensing practices and determinants among informal healthcare providers in low- and middle-income countries: a mixed-methods scoping review.BMJ global health · 2026Article
- The impact of interventions to modify antibiotic use in children with suspected infections in ambulatory healthcare settings in LMICs: a systematic review.JAC-antimicrobial resistance · 2026Review
- De-implementation of unnecessary antibiotic use for upper respiratory tract infections in ambulatory HIV care in Mozambique: a two-arm parallel cluster-randomized controlled hybrid type II trial.Implementation science communications · 2026Article
- Article
- Early antibiotic review and AWaRe prescribing in respiratory infections before vs during COVID-19: a two-hospital retrospective cohort study.Journal of pharmaceutical policy and practice · 2026Article
- The effectiveness of Ghana's antibiotic control policy framework: an analysis using the Anderson governance framework.Journal of pharmaceutical policy and practice · 2026Article
- Bridging the Capacity Building Gap for Antimicrobial Stewardship Implementation: Evidence from Virtual Communities of Practice in Kenya, Ghana, and Malawi.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Antibiotics use and ethnoveterinary practices in pig farming: an insight from federal capital territory, Nigeria.BMC veterinary research · 2025Article
- Farmer field schools as interventions to reduce the need for antimicrobials in agrifood systems: a longitudinal analysis of layer farmer field school graduates and non-graduates in Kenya.Antimicrobial resistance and infection control · 2025Article
16 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
This review identifies evidence on supply-side interventions to change the practices of antibiotic prescribers and gatekeepers in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). A total of 102 studies met the inclusion criteria, of which 70 studies evaluated interventions and 32 provided insight into prescribing contexts. All intervention studies were from human healthcare settings, none were from animal health. Only one context study examined antibiotic use in animal health. The evidence base is uneven, with the strongest evidence on knowledge and stewardship interventions. The review found that multiplex interventions that combine different strategies to influence behaviour tend to have a higher success rate than interventions based on single strategies. Evidence on prescribing contexts highlights interacting influences including health system quality, education, perceptions of patient demand, bureaucratic processes, profit, competition, and cultures of care. Most interventions took place within one health setting. Very few studies targeted interventions across different kinds of providers and settings. Interventions in hospitals were the most commonly evaluated. There is much less evidence on private and informal private providers who play a major role in drug distribution in LMICs. There were no interventions involving drug detailers or the pharmaceutical companies despite their prominent role in the contextual studies.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.