ArticleGlia2019
Human immunodeficiency virus Type-1 single-stranded RNA activates the NLRP3 inflammasome and impairs autophagic clearance of damaged mitochondria in human microglia.
Article in Glia, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 55 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
55 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 83 citations in OpenAlex.
- Advances in NLRP3 inflammasome research in viral infections: evolution, trends, and future directions.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Pooled it
- Mechanisms and treatments of methamphetamine and HIV-1 co-induced neurotoxicity: a systematic review.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Pooled it
- Neuroinflammation and NeuroHIV: understanding the role of HIV-1 related factors in microglial activation.Translational psychiatry · 2026Review
- Inflammatory microglia signals drive A1-like polarization of astrocytes even in the presence of HIV-1 Tat.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Article
- Differential Effects of Cannabinoid Receptor 2 Agonists on HIV Replication and Inflammatory Activation in Monocyte-Derived Macrophages and Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Microglia.Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology · 2025Article
- Expression of intron-containing HIV-1 RNA induces NLRP1 inflammasome activation in myeloid cells.PLoS biology · 2025Article
- Retroviral foamy virus gag induces parkin-dependent mitophagy.Retrovirology · 2025Article
- Targeting inflammasomes as a therapeutic potential for HIV/AIDS.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2025Review
- Review
- Coixol ameliorates dopaminergic neurodegeneration by inhibiting neuroinflammation and protecting mitochondrial function.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- Analysis of GSDMD-N abnormality promoting neutrophil NETs mediated RA disease through NLRP3-dependent pathway.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- NLRP3 Inflammasomes: Dual Function in Infectious Diseases.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2024Review
- New Insights into Endogenous Retrovirus-K Transcripts in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Targeting NLRP3 inflammasome for neurodegenerative disorders.Molecular psychiatry · 2023Review
- Autophagy and Inflammation: Regulatory Roles in Viral Infections.Biomolecules · 2023Review
- Cell-Type-Specific Mitochondrial Quality Control in the Brain: A Plausible Mechanism of Neurodegeneration.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- As a Potential Therapeutic Target, C1q Induces Synapse Loss Via Inflammasome-activating Apoptotic and Mitochondria Impairment Mechanisms in Alzheimer's Disease.Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology · 2023Review
- The mitophagy pathway and its implications in human diseases.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2023Review
- IRAK1 inhibition blocks the HIV-1 RNA mediated pro-inflammatory cytokine response from microglia.The Journal of general virology · 2023Article
- The role of autophagy in viral infections.Journal of biomedical science · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Despite the availability of antiretroviral therapy (ART) that fully suppresses human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV), markers of inflammation and minor neurocognitive impairment are frequently identified in HIV-infected persons. Increasing data support that low-level replication defective viral RNA is made by infected cells despite the absence of infectious virus. Specific GU-rich single-stranded RNA from the HIV long terminal repeat region (ssRNA40) signaling through toll-like receptor (TLR)-7 and -8 has been shown to induce the secretion of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in primary monocytes. Here, we examined the activation of microglial cells by HIV ssRNA40 and the potential subsequent neurotoxicity. Our findings show that exposure of human primary microglia to ssRNA40 activates the NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome. Following exposure to ssRNA40, pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-18, and neurotoxic cytokines TNF-α, IL-1α, and C1q expression and extracellular secretion are increased. The released cytokines are functional since culture supernatants from ssRNA40 exposed microglia-induced toxicity of human primary neurons. Moreover, inflammasome activation of microglia increased ROS generation with a loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and mitochondrial integrity. Treatment with ssRNA40 resulted in a blockade of autophagy/mitophagy mediated negative regulation of NLRP3 inflammasome activity with the release of inflammatory cytokines, caspase-1 activation, and pyroptotic microglial cell death. Thus, HIV ssRNA mediated activation of microglial cells can contribute to neurotoxicity and neurodegeneration via secretion of inflammatory and neurotoxic cytokines. These findings provide a potential mechanism that explains the frequent minor cognitive deficits and chronic inflammation that persist in HIV-infected persons despite treatment with suppressive ART.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.