ArticleCurrent biology : CB2019
Novelty, Salience, and Surprise Timing Are Signaled by Neurons in the Basal Forebrain.
Article in Current biology : CB, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 60 citations in OpenAlex.
- Striatal control of amygdalar acetylcholine release during salience-associated processing.Nature neuroscience · 2026Article
- Dorsal raphe nucleus controls motivation-state transitions in monkeys.Science advances · 2025Article
- Distinct Patterns of PV and SST GABAergic Neuronal Activity in the Basal Forebrain during Olfactory-Guided Behavior in Mice.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2025Article
- Arousal effects on oscillatory dynamics in the non-human primate brain.Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) · 2024Article
- Neurons of Macaque Frontal Eye Field Signal Reward-Related Surprise.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2024Article
- Basal forebrain parvalbumin neurons modulate vigilant attention and rescue deficits produced by sleep deprivation.Journal of sleep research · 2024Article
- Curiosity: primate neural circuits for novelty and information seeking.Nature reviews. Neuroscience · 2024Review
- Cognitive Aging and the Primate Basal Forebrain Revisited: Disproportionate GABAergic Vulnerability Revealed.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2023Article
- Cholinergic Reinforcement Signaling Is Impaired by Amyloidosis Prior to Its Synaptic Loss.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2023Article
- The cholinergic basal forebrain provides a parallel channel for state-dependent sensory signaling to auditory cortex.Nature neuroscience · 2023Article
- Article
- Functional architecture of executive control and associated event-related potentials in macaques.Nature communications · 2022Article
- Vagus nerve stimulation drives selective circuit modulation through cholinergic reinforcement.Neuron · 2022Article
- Serotonin neurons modulate learning rate through uncertainty.Current biology : CB · 2022Article
- Rapid Effects of Vagus Nerve Stimulation on Sensory Processing Through Activation of Neuromodulatory Systems.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2022Review
- Neuromodulation of prefrontal cortex cognitive function in primates: the powerful roles of monoamines and acetylcholine.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2022Review
- A primate temporal cortex-zona incerta pathway for novelty seeking.Nature neuroscience · 2022Article
- Interactions between ventrolateral prefrontal and anterior cingulate cortex during learning and behavioural change.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2022Review
- How the value of the environment controls persistence in visual search.PLoS computational biology · 2021Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The basal forebrain (BF) is a principal source of modulation of the neocortex [1-6] and is thought to regulate cognitive functions such as attention, motivation, and learning by broadcasting information about salience [2, 3, 5, 7-19]. However, events can be salient for multiple reasons-such as novelty, surprise, or reward prediction errors [20-24]-and to date, precisely which salience-related information the BF broadcasts is unclear. Here, we report that the primate BF contains at least two types of neurons that often process salient events in distinct manners: one with phasic burst responses to cues predicting salient events and one with ramping activity anticipating such events. Bursting neurons respond to cues that convey predictions about the magnitude, probability, and timing of primary reinforcements. They also burst to the reinforcement itself, particularly when it is unexpected. However, they do not have a selective response to reinforcement omission (the unexpected absence of an event). Thus, bursting neurons do not convey value-prediction errors but do signal surprise associated with external events. Indeed, they are not limited to processing primary reinforcement: they discriminate fully expected novel visual objects from familiar objects and respond to object-sequence violations. In contrast, ramping neurons predict the timing of many salient, novel, and surprising events. Their ramping activity is highly sensitive to the subjects' confidence in event timing and on average encodes the subjects' surprise after unexpected events occur. These data suggest that the primate BF contains mechanisms to anticipate the timing of a diverse set of important external events (via ramping activity) and to rapidly deploy cognitive resources when these events occur (via short latency bursting).
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.