ArticleThe Journal of pediatrics2019
Surfactant Administration in Preterm Infants: Drug Development Opportunities.
Article in The Journal of pediatrics, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comparison of efficacy between beractant and poractant alfa in respiratory distress syndrome among preterm infants (28-33Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2025Trial
- Pulmonary comorbidities and response to surfactant in late preterm infants: a multicenter cohort study.Pediatric research · 2026Observational
- Article
- Intra- and extrapulmonary lipopolysaccharides-induced acute lung injury and pharmacotherapeutic response patterns in ventilated 7-day-old rabbits.Experimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.) · 2026Article
- Higher initial doses of surfactant for the prevention or treatment of respiratory distress syndrome in preterm infants.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2025Article
- Use of surfactant beyond respiratory distress syndrome, what is the evidence?Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2024Review
- Less Invasive Surfactant Administration: A Review of Current Evidence of Clinical Outcomes With Beractant.Cureus · 2022Review
- Comparative efficacy and safety of late surfactant preparations: a retrospective study.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2021Article
- Association of Adherence to Surfactant Best Practice Uses With Clinical Outcomes Among Neonates in Sweden.JAMA network open · 2021Observational
- Examining Variations in Surfactant Administration (ENVISION): A Neonatology Insights Pilot Project.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Suppression of pulmonary group B streptococcal proliferation and translocation by surfactants in ventilated near-term newborn rabbits.Pediatric research · 2019Article
- Why, when, and how to give surfactant.Pediatric research · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo evaluate how frequently surfactant is used off-label in preterm infants. STUDY
designWe conducted a retrospective cohort analysis of prospectively collected administrative data for 2005-2015 from 348 neonatal intensive care units in the US. We quantified off-label administration of poractant alfa, calfactant, or beractant in inborn infants born at <37 weeks of gestational age (GA). Off-label surfactant administration was defined according to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) label.
resultsOf a total of 110 822 preterm infants who received surfactant, 68 226 (62%) received the surfactant off-label. The majority of infants who received surfactant off-label had a higher birth weight than those who received surfactant on-label (40 716 [37%]), had an older GA than those who received surfactant on-label (35 191 [32%]), or were treated with intubation and surfactant administration followed by immediate extubation (INSURE) (32 310 [29%]). Poractant alfa was administered via INSURE more frequently than beractant or calfactant (16 688 [38%], 7137 [20%], and 8485 [27%], respectively). An increasing number of infants received surfactant via INSURE from 2005 to 2015 (from 1697 [19%] to 3368 [36%]).
conclusionsThe majority of surfactant given to preterm infants is administered off-label. The uptrend in administration via INSURE coincides with increased supporting evidence. The gap between FDA labeling and current clinic practice exemplifies an opportunity for label expansion, which may require additional prospective or retrospective safety and/or effectiveness data for infants of older GA and higher birth weight.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.