ArticleVirchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology2019
M-CSF and IL-34 expression as indicators for growth in sporadic vestibular schwannoma.
Article in Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- Tumor Microenvironment in Sporadic Vestibular Schwannoma: A Systematic, Narrative Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Pooled it
- Angiogenesis PET/MRI predicts initial growth of sporadic vestibular schwannomas: a prospective study with follow-up in 29 patients using [EJNMMI research · 2026Article
- Variable Schwann cell merlin inactivation is targetable with TEAD1 inhibition in schwannomas.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Immunohistopathology of Cochleovestibular Schwannoma in Human Temporal Bone Specimens.Biology · 2025Article
- Correlation of Immunomodulatory Cytokines with Tumor Volume and Cerebrospinal Fluid in Vestibular Schwannoma Patients.Cancers · 2024Article
- Single-cell multi-omic analysis of the vestibular schwannoma ecosystem uncovers a nerve injury-like state.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Exploring the Role of Inflammatory Genes and Immune Infiltration in Vestibular Schwannomas Pathogenesis.Journal of inflammation research · 2024Article
- Updates on Tumor Biology in Vestibular Schwannoma.Otolaryngologic clinics of North America · 2023Review
- The genetic landscape and possible therapeutics of neurofibromatosis type 2.Cancer cell international · 2023Review
- Article
- Prognostic significance of preoperative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in surgically resected schwannomas.Frontiers in oncology · 2023Article
- The comparable tumour microenvironment in sporadic andBrain communications · 2023Article
- Tumor Biology and Microenvironment of Vestibular Schwannoma-Relation to Tumor Growth and Hearing Loss.Biomedicines · 2022Review
- Vestibular Schwannoma Volume and Tumor Growth Correlates with Macrophage Marker Expression.Cancers · 2022Article
- Single-cell sequencing reveals the cell map and transcriptional network of sporadic vestibular schwannoma.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2022Article
- Interleukin-34 promotes tumorigenic signals for colon cancer cells.Cell death discovery · 2021Review
- Facial Nerve Adherence in Vestibular Schwannomas: Classification and Radiological Predictors.Journal of neurological surgery. Part B, Skull base · 2021Article
- COX2 expression is associated with preoperative tumor volume but not with volumetric tumor growth in vestibular schwannoma.Neurological research and practice · 2021Article
- Article
- Potential Molecular Biomarkers of Vestibular Schwannoma Growth: Progress and Prospects.Frontiers in oncology · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Macrophage colony stimulating factor and IL-34 are associated with clinical vestibular schwannoma progression. Investigating the biology behind vestibular schwannoma progression helps understanding tumor growth. Inflammation is important in the microenvironment of neoplasms. Macrophages are major players in the intratumoral infiltrate. These tumor-associated macrophages are known to stimulate angiogenesis and cell growth. M-CSF and IL-34 are cytokines that can regulate tumor-infiltrating macrophages. They are expressed by tumors and form potential targets for therapy. The goal of this study was to investigate these cytokines in vestibular schwannomas and to see if their expression is related to angiogenesis, macrophage numbers, cystic degeneration, and volumetric tumor progression. Immunohistochemical expression of M-CSF and IL-34 was analyzed in ten fast-growing vestibular schwannomas and in ten slow-growing vestibular schwannomas. Expression M-CSF and IL-34 were compared between fast- versus slow-growing and cystic versus non-cystic tumors. Data on macrophage numbers and microvessel density, known from earlier research, was also included. All tumors expressed M-CSF and its expression was higher in fast-growing tumors (p = 0.003) and in cystic tumors (p = 0.035). CD163 expression was higher in tumors with strong M-CSF expression (p = 0.003). All tumors expressed IL-34 as well, but no significant differences were found in relation to clinicopathological characteristics. This study demonstrated the expression of M-CSF and IL-34 in vestibular schwannomas. The results suggest that M-CSF is related to macrophage activity and tumor progression, making it a potential target for therapy. If a similar assumption can be made for IL-34 remains unclear.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.