ArticleThe International journal on drug policy2019
Police violence among people who inject drugs in Baltimore, Maryland.
Article in The International journal on drug policy, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 43 citations in OpenAlex.
- Harms associated with injecting in public spaces: a global systematic review and meta-analysis.The International journal on drug policy · 2025Pooled it
- Gender differences in the association between housing status and violence among people who report exposure to benzodiazepines.The International journal on drug policy · 2026Article
- Frequent police contact and nonfatal overdose among people who use drugs in rural Appalachia.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2026Article
- Article
- Solving the Global Opioid Crisis: Incorporating Genetic Addiction Risk Assessment with Personalized Dopaminergic Homeostatic Therapy and Awareness Integration Therapy.Journal of addiction psychiatry · 2024Article
- Risk and Contextual Factors Associated with Legal Intervention Injury and Hospital Outcomes Among Trauma Patients in Pennsylvania.Psychology, crime & law : PC & L · 2023Article
- Association Between Multiple Experiences of Violence and Drug Overdose Among Black Women in Community Supervision Programs in New York City.Journal of interpersonal violence · 2022Article
- Police abuse and care engagement of people with HIV who inject drugs in Ukraine.Global public health · 2022Article
- Selling sex in the context of substance use: social and structural drivers of transactional sex among men who use opioids in Maryland.Harm reduction journal · 2022Article
- Law enforcement and syringe services program implementation in rural counties in Kentucky: a qualitative exploration.Harm reduction journal · 2022Article
- Effect of police action on low-barrier substance use disorder service utilization.Harm reduction journal · 2022Article
- Perspectives from law enforcement officers who respond to overdose calls for service and administer naloxone.Health & justice · 2022Article
- An application of agent-based modeling to explore the impact of decreasing incarceration rates and increasing drug treatment access on sero-discordant partnerships among people who inject drugs.The International journal on drug policy · 2021Article
- Breaching Trust: A Qualitative Study of Healthcare Experiences of People Who Use Drugs in a Rural Setting.Frontiers in sociology · 2020Article
- Knowledge of Good Samaritan Laws and Beliefs About Arrests Among Persons Who Inject Drugs a Year After Policy Change in Baltimore, Maryland.Public health reports (Washington, D.C. : 1974)Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPolice violence is a deleterious public health and criminal justice issue that disproportionately affects people who inject drugs (PWID). Studies documenting the prevalence and correlates of physical police violence in this population are rare. The aim of this study was to examine the correlates of past year physical police violence among an urban sample of PWID.
methodsPWID participating in the 2015 wave of the National HIV Behavioral Surveillance (NHBS) system in Baltimore City, Maryland, completed a socio-behavioral survey. Multivariable logistic regression was used to detect the socio-demographic, place-based, law-enforcement and health behavior correlates of exposure to police violence as well as knowledge of violence directed towards other PWID.
resultsEnrolled PWID (N = 570) were mostly male (72%), non-Hispanic Black (77%) and daily heroin injectors (86%). Seven percent had experienced past year physical police violence (Respondent-Driven Sampling [RDS] weighted estimate: 4%), and a quarter (24%) knew someone who had experienced physical police violence in the past year (RDS-weighted estimate: 17%). Male gender, homelessness, arrest, drug paraphernalia confiscation, and receptive syringe sharing were independently associated with police violence. Knowing someone who had experienced police violence was independently correlated with selling drugs, arrest, and attending a syringe services program.
conclusionPopulation differences in the extent of police violence exposure indicate that experiences of police violence are not uniform among PWID. Violent encounters with police were associated with disruptions in harm reduction strategies that can prevent HIV and HCV transmission. This study adds to the small body of public health literature on police violence and highlights the importance of monitoring and addressing this critical issue.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.