Evidence map›Paper›PMID 30578941›Full record

ArticleEvaluation and program planning2019

Dealing with context in logic model development: Reflections from a realist evaluation of a community health worker programme in Nigeria.

Bassey Ebenso, Ana Manzano, Benjamin Uzochukwu, Enyi Etiaba, Reinhard Huss, Tim Ensor, James Newell, Obinna Onwujekwe, Nkoli Ezumah, Joe Hicks and 1 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Evaluation and program planning, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
37citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

37 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. A Co-Developed Evaluation Framework for a Patient Engagement Programme Within a National Dementia Research Network.Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Bassey EbensoNuffield Centre for International Health and Development, University of Leeds, Worsley Building, Clarendon Way, Leeds, UK. Electronic address: b.e.ebenso@leeds.ac.uk.
Ana ManzanoSchool of Sociology and Social Policy, Social Sciences Building, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK. Electronic address: a.manzano@leeds.ac.uk.
Benjamin UzochukwuHealth Policy Research Group & the Department of Health Administration and Management, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria Enugu-Campus, 400001, Nigeria. Electronic address: benjamin.uzochukwu@unn.edu.ng.
Enyi EtiabaHealth Policy Research Group & the Department of Health Administration and Management, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria Enugu-Campus, 400001, Nigeria. Electronic address: enyi.etiaba@unn.edu.ng.
Reinhard HussNuffield Centre for International Health and Development, University of Leeds, Worsley Building, Clarendon Way, Leeds, UK. Electronic address: r.huss@leeds.ac.uk.
Tim EnsorNuffield Centre for International Health and Development, University of Leeds, Worsley Building, Clarendon Way, Leeds, UK. Electronic address: t.r.a.ensor@leeds.ac.uk.
James NewellNuffield Centre for International Health and Development, University of Leeds, Worsley Building, Clarendon Way, Leeds, UK. Electronic address: j.n.newell@leeds.ac.uk.
Obinna OnwujekweHealth Policy Research Group & the Department of Health Administration and Management, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria Enugu-Campus, 400001, Nigeria. Electronic address: obinna.onwujekwe@unn.edu.ng.
Nkoli EzumahHealth Policy Research Group & the Department of Health Administration and Management, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria Enugu-Campus, 400001, Nigeria. Electronic address: nkoli.ezumah@unn.edu.ng.
Joe HicksNuffield Centre for International Health and Development, University of Leeds, Worsley Building, Clarendon Way, Leeds, UK. Electronic address: j.p.hicks@leeds.ac.uk.
Tolib MirzoevNuffield Centre for International Health and Development, University of Leeds, Worsley Building, Clarendon Way, Leeds, UK. Electronic address: t.mirzoev@leeds.ac.uk.

Funding

Medical Research Council MR/M01472X/1Wellcome Trust
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Logic models (LMs) have been used in programme evaluation for over four decades. Current debate questions the ability of logic modelling techniques to incorporate contextual factors into logic models. We share experience of developing a logic model within an ongoing realist evaluation which assesses the extent to which, and under what circumstances a community health workers (CHW) programme promotes access to maternity services in Nigeria. The article contributes to logic modelling debate by: i) reflecting on how other scholars captured context during LM development in theory-driven evaluations; and ii) explaining how we explored context during logic model development for realist evaluation of the CHW programme in Nigeria. Data collection methods that informed our logic model development included documents review, email discussions and teleconferences with programme stakeholders and a technical workshop with researchers to clarify programme goals and untangle relationships among programme elements. One of the most important findings is that, rather than being an end in itself, logic model development is an essential step for identifying initial hypotheses for tentative relevant contexts, mechanisms and outcomes (CMOs) and CMO configurations of how programmes produce change. The logic model also informed development of a methodology handbook that is guiding verification and consolidation of underlying programme theories.

Indexed as

Models, TheoreticalCommunity Health WorkersData CollectionHealth PromotionHumansInformation DisseminationKnowledgeMaternal Health ServicesNigeriaProgram EvaluationCommunity health workers programmeContextLogic modelMaternal and child healthNigeriaProgramme theoryRealist evaluation

Identifiers

PMID30578941
PMCPMC6403102

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.