ArticleThe Journal of allergy and clinical immunology2019
17β-Estradiol protects the esophageal epithelium from IL-13-induced barrier dysfunction and remodeling.
Article in The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Emerging Insights into the Inflammatory Phenotypes of Eosinophilic Esophagitis.Journal of inflammation research · 2026Review
- Transcriptomic profiling of rumen epithelium, liver, and muscle reveals tissue-specific gene expression patterns in Hu sheep.BMC genomics · 2025Article
- S. aureus exposure during cutaneous antigen sensitization causes basophil- and interleukin-4-dependent exaggerated food anaphylaxis.Immunity · 2025Article
- Estrogen prevented gingival barrier injury fromInfection and immunity · 2025Article
- Challenging assumptions about the demographics of eosinophilic gastrointestinal diseases: A systematic review.The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. Global · 2024Article
- A synthesis and subgroup analysis of the eosinophilic esophagitis tissue transcriptome.The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology · 2024Article
- Elucidating shared biomarkers in gastroesophageal reflux disease and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: insights into novel therapeutic targets and the role of angelicae sinensis radix.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Article
- Vernal keratoconjunctivitis and eosinophilic esophagitis: A rare combination?The World Allergy Organization journal · 2024Article
- Barrier Dysfunction in Eosinophilic Esophagitis.Current gastroenterology reports · 2023Review
- The epithelial barrier theory: Development and exacerbation of allergic and other chronic inflammatory diseases.Asia Pacific allergy · 2023Review
- Article
- Single-cell RNA sequencing of mast cells in eosinophilic esophagitis reveals heterogeneity, local proliferation, and activation that persists in remission.The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology · 2022Article
- Risk Factors, Clinical and Endoscopic Features, and Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Cytomegalovirus Esophagitis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
- Sex hormones and immune system: Menopausal hormone therapy in the context of COVID-19 pandemic.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Eosinophilic esophagitis in individuals with sex chromosome aneuploidies: Clinical presentations and management implications.Molecular genetics & genomic medicine · 2021Article
- Review
- Basal epithelial stem cells cross an alarmin checkpoint for postviral lung disease.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2021Article
- In Esophageal Squamous Cells From Eosinophilic Esophagitis Patients, Th2 Cytokines Increase Eotaxin-3 Secretion Through Effects on Intracellular Calcium and a Non-Gastric Proton Pump.Gastroenterology · 2021Article
- Effects of enteral nutrition support combined with enhanced recovery after surgery on the nutritional status, immune function, and prognosis of patients with esophageal cancer after Ivor-Lewis operation.Journal of thoracic disease · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe incidence of eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is greater in male than female subjects, and the underlying molecular basis for this sex bias remains unclear.
objectiveWe sought to delineate the contribution of the sex hormone estrogen to the EoE phenotype and esophageal epithelial barrier function and remodeling.
methodsWe performed demographic and incidence analyses of EoE in male and female subjects from a single-center pediatric cohort. Estrogen-responsive gene expression analyses and estrogen receptor (ESR) immunofluorescence staining of esophageal biopsy specimens from patients with EoE and control subjects were performed. The effect of 17β-estradiol (E2) on IL-13-induced signaling pathways, gene expression, and esophageal epithelial architecture and barrier function in a primary human esophageal keratinocyte cell (EPC2) culture system (EPC2-air-liquid interface) was examined.
resultsWe observed a male predominance in patients with EoE. Analyses of RNA sequencing data sets revealed a significant dysregulation of the estrogen-responsive gene network and expression of ESR1 and ESR2 in esophageal biopsy specimens from patients with EoE compared with control subjects. IL-13 stimulation of EPC2-air-liquid interface cells led to altered cellular architecture with induced dilation of intercellular spaces and barrier dysfunction. Pretreatment of EPC2s with E2 prior to IL-13 exposure abrogated IL-13-induced architectural changes and esophageal barrier dysfunction. Mechanistically, E2-protective effects were dependent on ESR2 and associated with diminishing of IL-13-induced tyrosine kinase 2 and signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 phosphorylation and EoE-dysregulated gene expression.
conclusionsEstrogen-responsive genes are modified in patients with EoE compared with control subjects. E2 attenuated IL-13-induced architectural changes and esophageal epithelial barrier dysfunction through inhibition of the IL-13/tyrosine kinase 2/signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 pathway via ESR2-dependent process. Estrogen hormone signaling may protect against development of EoE in female subjects.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.