Trial reportHepatology (Baltimore, Md.)2019
Tremelimumab in Combination With Microwave Ablation in Patients With Refractory Biliary Tract Cancer.
Trial report in Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.), 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT01853618 (A Pilot Study of Tremelimumab - A Monoclonal Antibody Against CTLA-4 in Combination With Trans-Arterial Catheter Chemoembolization), which is not on this map. Cited by 56 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Pilot Study of Tremelimumab - A Monoclonal Antibody Against CTLA-4 in Combination With Trans-Arterial Catheter Chemoembolization (TACE), Radiofrequency Ablation (RFA), or Cryoablation in Subjects With Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) or Biliary Tract Carcinomas (BTC)
Who cites it
56 citing papers in PubMed, 100 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Phase II Study of Pembrolizumab in Combination with Capecitabine and Oxaliplatin with Molecular Profiling in Patients with Advanced Biliary Tract Carcinoma.The oncologist · 2022Trial
- A Case of Microwave Ablation Activating Immune Response in Pulmonary Metastases from Hepatocellular Carcinoma.Journal of hepatocellular carcinoma · 2026Article
- Nanostrategies synergize with locoregional interventional therapies for boosting antitumor immunity.Bioactive materials · 2025Article
- Transarterial chemoembolization combined with tyrosine kinase inhibitors and programmed death receptor-1 inhibitors for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Translational cancer research · 2025Article
- Targeted therapies and immunotherapies for unresectable cholangiocarcinoma.Chinese medical journal · 2025Review
- Review
- Article
- Quantifying morphologic variations as an alternate to standard response criteria for unresectable primary liver tumors after checkpoint inhibition therapy.La Radiologia medica · 2025Article
- From cold to hot: mechanisms of hyperthermia in modulating tumor immunology for enhanced immunotherapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Nomograms predicting benefit after immunotherapy in oral bifidobacteria supplementation ICC patients: a retrospective study.BMC cancer · 2024Article
- Recent Advances in Immunotherapy for Advanced Biliary Tract Cancer.Current treatment options in oncology · 2024Review
- Combined immune checkpoint inhibition with durvalumab and tremelimumab with and without radiofrequency ablation in patients with advanced biliary tract carcinoma.Cancer medicine · 2024Article
- Infiltrating T lymphocytes and tumor microenvironment within cholangiocarcinoma: immune heterogeneity, intercellular communication, immune checkpoints.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Tumor Targeting with Apatinib-loaded Nanoparticles and Sonodynamic Combined Therapy.Current molecular medicine · 2024Article
- Single-cell sequencing and multiple machine learning algorithms to identify key T-cell differentiation gene for progression of NAFLD cirrhosis to hepatocellular carcinoma.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2024Article
- Identification of genes associated with gall bladder cell carcinogenesis: Implications in targeted therapy of gall bladder cancer.World journal of gastrointestinal oncology · 2023Review
- Tumor immune microenvironment and the current immunotherapy of cholangiocarcinoma (Review).International journal of oncology · 2023Review
- Hydrogel drug delivery systems for minimally invasive local immunotherapy of cancer.Advanced drug delivery reviews · 2023Review
- Preclinical and clinical studies of immunotherapy for the treatment of cholangiocarcinoma.JHEP reports : innovation in hepatology · 2023Review
- Cholangiocarcinoma in the Era of Immunotherapy.Vaccines · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
24 authors at 6 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Treatment options for patients with advanced biliary tract cancer are limited. Dysregulation of the immune system plays an important role in the pathogenesis of biliary tract cancer (BTC). This study aimed to investigate whether tremelimumab, an anti-CTLA4 (cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4) inhibitor, could be combined safely with microwave ablation to enhance the effect of anti-CTLA4 treatment in patients with advanced BTC. Patients were enrolled to receive monthly tremelimumab (10 mg/kg, intravenously) for six doses, followed by infusions every 3 months until off-treatment criteria were met. Thirty-six days after the first tremelimumab dose, patients underwent subtotal microwave ablation. Interval imaging studies were performed every 8 weeks. Adverse events (AEs) were noted and managed. Tumor and peripheral blood samples were collected to perform immune monitoring and whole-exome sequencing (WES). Twenty patients with refractory BTC were enrolled (median age, 56.5 years). No dose-limiting toxicities were encountered. The common treatment-related AEs included lymphopenia, diarrhea, and elevated transaminases. Among 16 patients evaluable for efficacy analysis, 2 (12.5%) patients achieved a confirmed partial response (lasting for 8.0 and 18.1 months, respectively) and 5 patients (31.3%) achieved stable disease. Median progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were 3.4 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.5-5.2) and 6.0 months (95% CI, 3.8-8.8), respectively. Peripheral blood immune cell subset profiling showed increased circulating activated human leukocyte antigen, DR isotype ([HLA-DR] positive) CD8
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.