ArticleClinical & experimental ophthalmology2019
Four-year results of a minimally invasive transscleral glaucoma gel stent implantation in a prospective multi-centre study.
Article in Clinical & experimental ophthalmology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 60 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
60 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 125 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comparison of XEN gel stent for management of open-angle glaucoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis.PeerJ · 2026Pooled it
- Minimally Invasive Bleb Surgery for Glaucoma: A Health Technology Assessment.Ontario health technology assessment series · 2024Pooled it
- Complications and post-operative interventions in XEN45 gel stent implantation in the treatment of open angle glaucoma-a systematic review and meta-analysis.Eye (London, England) · 2023Pooled it
- The efficacy of XEN gel stent implantation in glaucoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC ophthalmology · 2022Pooled it
- The Outcomes of XEN Gel Stent Implantation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2022Pooled it
- The efficacy and safety of the XEN63 glaucoma gel stent without Mitomycin C over the first 10 years.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2026Article
- Clinical recommendations for early identification of patients with open-angle glaucoma at higher risk of low adherence to topical treatment: An Italian Delphi consensus.Acta ophthalmologica · 2026Article
- Three-Year Outcomes and Safety of the XEN63 Gel Stent: A Multicenter Prospective Study in Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Outcomes of Ab Interno 63 µm vs. 45 µm XENJournal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Update on XEN Gel Stent: A Narrative Review on Indications, Surgical Technique, and Postoperative Management.Ophthalmology and therapy · 2026Review
- XEN63 Gel Stent in Glaucoma: Narrative Review and Expert Perspectives on Patient Selection, Surgical Technique, and Perioperative Management.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2026Article
- Five-year follow-up with the PreserFlo MicroShunt for open-angle glaucoma.Eye (London, England) · 2025Article
- Assessing XEN microstent's one-year efficacy: independent of site variability.International journal of ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Article
- XEN45 gel stent in the treatment of pigmentary glaucoma: A two-year follow-up.European journal of ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Xen-DS: a novel technique of ab externo Xen implantation augmented with a modified deep sclerectomy for surgical treatment of glaucoma.Eye (London, England) · 2024Article
- Long-term effectiveness and safety of XEN45 in open-angle glaucoma patients.International ophthalmology · 2024Article
- Three-year clinical outcome of XEN45 Gel Stent implantation versus trabeculectomy in patients with open angle glaucoma.Eye (London, England) · 2024Article
- Swiss Multicenter Ab Interno XEN45 Gel Stent Study: 2-Year Real-World Data.Ophthalmology and therapy · 2024Article
- VEGF-C and 5-Fluorouracil Improve Bleb Survival in a Rabbit Glaucoma Surgery Trabeculectomy Model.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 4 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
importanceThe transscleral XEN Glaucoma Gel Microstent (XEN-GGM, Allergan Plc., Parsippany, New Jersey) is implanted by a minimally invasive ab interno technique.
backgroundThe present study aims to assess the long-term clinical outcomes in patients after XEN-GGM implantation.
designThis prospective, non-randomized, multi-centred study was conducted in three countries (Austria, Canada and Germany).
participantsSixty-four consecutive eyes of 64 patients with open angle glaucoma received the XEN-GGM (63 μm) without Mitomycin C. Thirty-five (55%) were solo procedures, and 29 (45%) were combined with cataract surgery.
methodsVisits were planned at baseline, 6 months, 1, 2, 3 and 4 years postoperatively.
main outcome measuresThe main outcome measures were mean intraocular pressure (IOP), mean number of IOP lowering medication. Secondary outcome parameters were: visual acuity, visual fields and complete surgical failure (defined as presence of a secondary IOP lowering procedure or loss of light perception) at 4 years, postoperatively.
resultsMean best-medicated baseline IOP was 22.5 ± 4.2 mmHg and decreased significantly to 13.4 ± 3.1 mmHg 4 years postoperatively (-40%, n = 34, P < 0.001). Mean number of IOP lowering medication decreased significantly from 2.4 ± 1.3 preoperatively to 1.2 ± 1.3 (-50%, n = 34, P < 0.001) postoperatively. Visual field mean deviation showed no significant change between preoperative and postoperative examinations. Complete surgical failure rate per year was 10%. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: The XEN-GGM resulted in lower IOP and a reduction in medications from baseline over 4 years of follow-up. There was no detectable decrease in visual fields over the study. The surgical failure rate is comparable to other filtration surgeries.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.