ArticleJournal of clinical medicine2018
Virtual Reality Distraction during Endoscopic Urologic Surgery under Spinal Anesthesia: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
Article in Journal of clinical medicine, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 25 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Anxiolytic Effectiveness of Virtual Reality Glasses in Upper Extremity Surgery
Can the Use of Virtual Reality Improve Outcomes Following Total Knee Arthroplasty With Spinal Anaesthesia? - A Pilot Study
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 60 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of perioperative benzodiazepine administration on postoperative patient-reported outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.British journal of anaesthesia · 2025Pooled it
- Approaching acute pain in emergency settings; European Society for Emergency Medicine (EUSEM) guidelines-part 2: management and recommendations.Internal and emergency medicine · 2020Guideline
- Virtual reality treatment could reduce anxiety for women undergoing cesarean section with spinal anesthesia: a randomized controlled trial.Archives of gynecology and obstetrics · 2024Trial
- Virtual Reality for Pain Management During High-Resolution Manometry: A Randomized Clinical Trial.The Laryngoscope · 2024Trial
- Augmented Reality for Perioperative Anxiety in Patients Undergoing Surgery: A Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2023Trial
- Virtual reality for pain control during shock wave lithotripsy: a randomized controlled study.World journal of urology · 2023Trial
- Virtual Reality for Anxiety and Pain Management in Lower Limb Orthopedic Surgery Under Spinal Anesthesia: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Virtual Reality as a Digital Premedication to Alleviate Preoperative Anxiety and Postoperative Pain in Patients Undergoing Spine Surgery: Study Protocol for a Randomized Clinical Trial.Brain sciences · 2026Article
- Effectiveness of virtual reality to manage pain and anxiety in patients undergoing cystoscopy: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Asian journal of urology · 2025Review
- The Use of Virtual Reality as a Non-Pharmacological Approach for Pain Reduction During the Debridement and Dressing of Hard-to-Heal Wounds.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- The benefits of intraoperative virtual reality distraction in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) under spinal anaesthesia.Journal of experimental orthopaedics · 2025Article
- Current Clinical and Educational Uses of Immersive Reality in Anesthesia: Narrative Review.Journal of medical Internet research · 2025Review
- Real Results from Virtual Sedation: Application to Colonoscopy.Digestive diseases and sciences · 2025Article
- Impact of virtual reality distraction during colonoscopy vs intravenous deep sedation: Results of a single-center randomized controlled trial.Endoscopy international open · 2025Article
- Multicenter, randomized, controlled comparative-effectiveness study comparing virtual reality to sedation and standard local anesthetic for pain and anxiety during epidural steroid injections.The Lancet regional health. Southeast Asia · 2024Article
- Article
- Effects of Immersive Virtual Reality on Patient Anxiety During Surgery Under Regional Anesthesia: A Randomized Clinical Trial.Anesthesiology and pain medicine · 2023Article
- The Emerging Role of Virtual Reality as an Adjunct to Procedural Sedation and Anesthesia: A Narrative Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Review
- Effectiveness of Virtual Reality-Based Interventions for Managing Chronic Pain on Pain Reduction, Anxiety, Depression and Mood: A Systematic Review.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Effectiveness of virtual reality immersion on procedure-related pain and anxiety in outpatient pain clinic: an exploratory randomized controlled trial.The Korean journal of pain · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Sedation protocols during spinal anesthesia often involve sedative drugs associated with complications. We investigated whether virtual reality (VR) distraction could be applied during endoscopic urologic surgery under spinal anesthesia and yield better satisfaction than pharmacologic sedation. VR distraction without sedative was compared with pharmacologic sedation using repeat doses of midazolam 1⁻2 mg every 30 min during urologic surgery under spinal anesthesia. We compared the satisfaction of patients, surgeons, and anesthesiologists, as rated on a 5-point prespecified verbal rating scale. Two surgeons and two anesthesiologists rated the scale and an overall score was reported after discussion. Thirty-seven patients were randomized to a VR group (
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Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.